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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>Springer Open Choice >Occurrence and detrimental effects of the bivalve-inhabiting hydroid Eutima japonica on juveniles of the Japanese scallop Mizuhopecten yessoensis in Funka Bay Japan: relationship to juvenile massive mortality in 2003
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Occurrence and detrimental effects of the bivalve-inhabiting hydroid Eutima japonica on juveniles of the Japanese scallop Mizuhopecten yessoensis in Funka Bay Japan: relationship to juvenile massive mortality in 2003

机译：双壳类水EEutima japonica对日本Funka湾日本扇贝Mizuhopecten yessoensis幼鱼的发生和有害影响：与2003年少年大规模死亡的关系

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In November 2003, we first observed prevalent occurrence of a hydroid, Eutima japonica, on soft body tissues of age zero Japanese scallop (Mizuhopecten yessoensis) juveniles cultured in large areas of Funka Bay, Hokkaido. The occurrence coincided with massive death of juvenile scallops. A major objective was to clarify ecological relationships between the symbionts, and to infer the relationship between symbiosis and the massive mortality. To do this, we investigated distributions of association rates of hydroids with juvenile scallops at 15–34 sites over 3 years (2003–2005), with age one adult scallops at 24 sites in 2003, and with mussels at 13 sites in 2004. We studied seasonal changes in association rates with juvenile scallops, and numbers of polyps per juvenile scallop at three sites from November 2003 to June 2004. We also quantified the hydroid impacts on juvenile scallop shell length growth and triglyceride accumulation in the digestive gland. The association rate of E. japonica polyps with juvenile scallops was high in large areas of Funka Bay in 2003, and overlapped the distribution of mussels bearing polyps. Association rates with age one adult scallops were very low in November 2003, even at the sites where polyps were very common on juvenile scallops. Levels of hydroid occurrence in juvenile scallops varies by year. We found that hydroids presence in juvenile scallops declined drastically in 2004 and 2005. The association rates with juvenile scallops, and numbers of polyps per juvenile scallop declined during winter, until they disappeared completely in the following June. Since polyps were rare in adult scallops, we believe that infection of juvenile scallops was probably initiated from the planulae produced by medusae released from polyps growing on Mytilus spp., especially M. galloprovincialis. Subsequently, the inhabitation spread intraspecifically and interspecifically. In juvenile scallops, inhabitation of polyps reduced shell length growth by 43%, and triglyceride accumulation in digestive glands by 24–47%. Inhabitation of E. japonica on juvenile scallop is best regarded as parasitism, rather than inquilinism or commensalism. Occurrence of polyps was probably not a direct lethal factor for juvenile scallops, because there were some sites where association rates were high, but mortalities were low. Massive mortalities in 2003 may have resulted from simultaneous impacts of heavy polyp load and stresses caused by the way in which the animals were handled (transferred from cages for pre-intermediate culture to cages for intermediate culture), because the massive mortality occurred within a month of the transfer. The presence of polyps in juvenile scallops does not affect the quality of the product in Funka Bay, because market size scallops are hydroid-free.
机译：在2003年11月，我们首次观察到在北海道Funka湾大面积养殖的零岁日本扇贝（Mizuhopecten yessoensis）幼体的软体组织上普遍存在水E Eutima japonica。该事件恰逢少年扇贝大量死亡。一个主要目的是弄清共生体之间的生态关系，并推断共生与大量死亡率之间的关系。为此，我们调查了三年（2003-2005年）15-34个站点与少年扇贝的类水体的结合率分布，2003年，一岁扇贝的成年扇贝在24个站点，2004年贻贝在13个站点。我们研究了2003年11月至2004年6月在三个地点与少年扇贝的关联率以及每个少年扇贝的息肉数量的季节性变化。我们还量化了水份对少年扇贝壳长增长和甘油三酸酯在消化腺中的影响。 2003年，在丰卡湾大面积地区，粳稻息肉与少年扇贝的结合率很高，并且与贻贝的息肉分布重叠。在2003年11月，即使在少年扇贝上息肉很常见的地方，与一岁扇贝的关联率也很低。幼年扇贝中水样的发生水平每年都不同。我们发现，在2004年和2005年，少年扇贝中存在的水合物急剧下降。在冬季，少年扇贝的结合率以及每只少年扇贝的息肉数量下降，直到第二年6月它们完全消失。由于息肉在成年扇贝中很少见，因此我们认为幼年扇贝的感染可能是由在Mytilus spp。上生长的息肉释放的美杜鹃产生的扁平虫引起的，尤其是鸡加洛韦氏菌。随后，栖息地在种内和种间传播。在幼年扇贝中，息肉的栖息使壳长增长减少了43％，而在消化腺中的甘油三酸酯堆积减少了24-47％。最好将日本大肠埃希菌（E. japonica）栖息在扇贝上，而非寄生虫或共鸣。息肉的发生可能不是少年扇贝的直接致死因素，因为在某些地方，关联率很高，而死亡率却很低。 2003年的大规模死亡可能是由于巨大的息肉负荷和处理动物的方式（同时从笼子转移至中间培养的笼子）引起的应激同时造成的，因为大量死亡发生在一个月内的转移。少年扇贝中存在息肉不会影响Funka湾产品的质量，因为市场规模的扇贝不含水。

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