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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>Taylor Francis Open Select >Social capital and HIV Competent Communities: The role of community groups in managing HIV/AIDS in rural Zimbabwe
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Social capital and HIV Competent Communities: The role of community groups in managing HIV/AIDS in rural Zimbabwe

机译：社会资本和艾滋病毒合格社区：津巴布韦农村社区团体在管理艾滋病毒/艾滋病中的作用

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摘要

Community involvement is increasingly identified as a “critical enabler” of an effective HIV/AIDS response. We explore pathways between community participation and HIV prevention, treatment and impact mitigation in Zimbabwe, reviewing six qualitative studies in Manicaland. These find that community group membership is often (not always) associated with decreased HIV incidence, reduced stigma and improved access to some services, particularly amongst women. Participation in formal community groups (e.g., church or women's groups) and informal local networks (e.g., neighbours, families) provides opportunities for critical dialogue about HIV/AIDS, often facilitating renegotiation of harmful social norms, sharing of previously hidden personal experiences of HIV/AIDS, formulation of positive action plans and solidarity to action them. However, implementation of new plans and insights is constrained by poverty, social uncertainty and poor service delivery. Furthermore, dialogue may have negative effects, spreading false information and entrenching negative norms. The extent that formal groups and informal networks facilitate externally imposed HIV/AIDS interventions varies. They potentially provide vital practical and emotional support, facilitating service access, treatment adherence and AIDS care. However, they may sometimes play a negative role in prevention activities, challenging stereotypes about sexuality or gender. There is an urgent need for greater recognition of the role of indigenous community groups and networks, and the inclusion of “strengthening local responses” as a key element of interventions and policy. Such efforts require great sensitivity. Heavy-handed external interference in complex indigenous relationships risks undermining the localism and bottom-up initiative and activism that might be central to their effectiveness. Cautious efforts might seek to enhance the potentially beneficial effects of groups, especially for women, and limit potentially damaging ones, especially for men. Efforts should be made to facilitate contexts that enable groups to have beneficial effects, through nesting them within wider comprehensive responses, and supporting them through strong partnerships with service providers.
机译：社区参与日益被认为是有效应对艾滋病毒/艾滋病的“关键推动力”。我们回顾了Manicaland的六项定性研究，探讨了津巴布韦社区参与与HIV预防，治疗和影响缓解之间的途径。这些发现，社区团体成员身份常常（并非总是）与艾滋病毒感染率下降，污名减少和获得某些服务的机会增加有关，特别是在妇女中间。参加正式的社区团体（例如，教会或妇女团体）和非正式的本地网络（例如，邻居，家庭）提供了有关艾滋病毒/艾滋病的重要对话的机会，通常促进了对有害的社会规范的重新谈判，分享了以前隐藏的艾滋病毒个人经历/艾滋病，制定积极的行动计划并团结一致采取行动。但是，新计划和新见解的实施受到贫困，社会不确定性和服务质量差的限制。此外，对话可能产生负面影响，散布虚假信息并树立负面规范。正式团体和非正式网络促进外部施加的艾滋病毒/艾滋病干预的程度各不相同。它们有可能提供重要的实践和情感支持，促进服务获得，依从性治疗和艾滋病护理。但是，它们有时可能在预防活动中发挥消极作用，挑战有关性或性别的陈规定型观念。迫切需要更多地认识到土著社区团体和网络的作用，并将“加强地方对策”作为干预措施和政策的关键要素。这种努力需要高度的敏感性。对复杂的土著人关系施加严厉的外部干预有可能破坏地方主义以及自下而上的主动性和行动主义，而这可能是其有效性的核心。谨慎的努力可能会寻求增强群体的潜在有益影响，尤其是对女性而言，并限制可能造成伤害的群体，尤其是对男性而言。应努力促进使团体产生有益影响的环境，方法是将其嵌套在更广泛的综合响应中，并通过与服务提供商的牢固合作关系来支持它们。

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