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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>Wiley-Blackwell Online Open >The contribution of executive control to semantic cognition: Convergent evidence from semantic aphasia and executive dysfunction
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The contribution of executive control to semantic cognition: Convergent evidence from semantic aphasia and executive dysfunction

机译：执行控制对语义认知的贡献：语义失语和执行功能障碍的融合证据

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摘要

Semantic cognition, as described by the controlled semantic cognition (CSC) framework (Rogers et al., , Neuropsychologia, 76, 220), involves two key components: activation of coherent, generalizable concepts within a heteromodal ‘hub’ in combination with modality‐specific features (spokes), and a constraining mechanism that manipulates and gates this knowledge to generate time‐ and task‐appropriate behaviour. Executive–semantic goal representations, largely supported by executive regions such as frontal and parietal cortex, are thought to allow the generation of non‐dominant aspects of knowledge when these are appropriate for the task or context. Semantic aphasia (SA) patients have executive–semantic deficits, and these are correlated with general executive impairment. If the CSC proposal is correct, patients with executive impairment should not only exhibit impaired semantic cognition, but should also show characteristics that align with those observed in SA. This possibility remains largely untested, as patients selected on the basis that they show executive impairment (i.e., with ‘dysexecutive syndrome’) have not been extensively tested on tasks tapping semantic control and have not been previously compared with SA cases. We explored conceptual processing in 12 patients showing symptoms consistent with dysexecutive syndrome (DYS) and 24 SA patients, using a range of multimodal semantic assessments which manipulated control demands. Patients with executive impairments, despite not being selected to show semantic impairments, nevertheless showed parallel patterns to SA cases. They showed strong effects of distractor strength, cues and miscues, and probe–target distance, plus minimal effects of word frequency on comprehension (unlike semantic dementia patients with degradation of conceptual knowledge). This supports a component process account of semantic cognition in which retrieval is shaped by control processes, and confirms that deficits in SA patients reflect difficulty controlling semantic retrieval.
机译：如受控语义认知（CSC）框架所述（Rogers等人，Neuropsychologia，76，220），语义认知涉及两个关键组成部分：在异模式``集线器''中结合模式将激活一致且可推广的概念-特定功能（辐条），以及约束机制来操纵和控制这些知识，以产生与时间和任务相称的行为。在主要由行政区域（如额叶和顶叶皮层）支持的行政语义目标表示中，当这些知识适合于任务或环境时，它们可以允许产生知识的非主要方面。语义失语症（SA）患者具有执行语义缺陷，并且与一般执行障碍相关。如果CSC提议正确，则执行障碍患者不仅应表现出受损的语义认知，而且应表现出与SA中观察到的特征相符的特征。这种可能性在很大程度上尚未得到测试，因为基于表现出执行力障碍（即患有“执行障碍综合症”）而选择的患者尚未在利用语义控制的任务上进行过广泛的测试，并且之前未与SA病例进行过比较。我们使用一系列控制控制需求的多模态语义评估方法，对12名表现出与执行障碍综合征（DYS）一致的症状的患者和24名SA患者进行了概念处理。尽管没有被选择表现出语义障碍，但有执行障碍的患者仍表现出与SA病例相似的模式。他们显示出干扰力，提示和错误，探针与目标距离的强烈影响，以及词频对理解的影响最小（与语义痴呆患者的概念知识退化不同）。这支持语义认知的组成过程说明，其中检索由控制过程决定，并确认SA患者的缺陷反映了控制语义检索的困难。

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