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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>Wiley-Blackwell Online Open >Changes in soil organic matter over 70 years in continuous arable and ley–arable rotations on a sandy loam soil in England
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Changes in soil organic matter over 70 years in continuous arable and ley–arable rotations on a sandy loam soil in England

机译：英格兰砂质壤土连续耕作和耕作轮作70多年来土壤有机质的变化

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The sequestration in soil of organic carbon (SOC) derived from atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) by replacing arable crops with leys, has been measured over 70 years on a sandy loam soil. The experiment was designed initially to test the effect of leys on the yields of arable crops. A 3‐year grazed grass with clover (grass + clover) ley in a 5‐year rotation with arable crops increased percentage organic carbon (%OC) in the top 25 cm of the soil from 0.98 to 1.23 in 28 years, but with little further increase during the next 40 years with all‐grass leys given fertilizer nitrogen (N). In this second period, OC inputs were balanced by losses, suggesting that about 1.3% OC might be near the equilibrium content for this rotation. Including 3‐year lucerne (Medicago sativa) leys had little effect on %OC over 28 years, but after changing to grass + clover leys, %OC increased to 1.24 during the next 40 years. Eight‐year leys (all grass with N or grass + clover) in 10‐year rotations with arable crops were started in the 1970s, and after three rotations %OC had increased to ca. 1.40 in 2000–2009. Over 70 years, %OC declined from 0.98 to 0.94 in an all‐arable rotation with mainly cereals and to 0.82 with more root crops. Applications of 38 t ha−1 farmyard manure (FYM) every fifth year increased %OC by 0.13% by the mid‐1960s when applications ceased. Soil treated with FYM still contained 0.10% more style="fixed-case">OC in 2000–2009. Changes in the amount of style="fixed-case">OC have been modelled with style="fixed-case">RothC‐26.3 and estimated inputs of style="fixed-case">C for selected rotations. Little of the style="fixed-case">OC input during the 70 years has been retained; most was retained in the grazed ley rotation, but 9 t ha−1 only of a total input of 189 t ha−1. In other rotations more than 98% of the total style="fixed-case">OC input was lost. Despite large losses of style="fixed-case">C, annual increases in style="fixed-case">OC of 4‰ are possible on this soil type with the inclusion of grass or grass + clover leys or the application of style="fixed-case">FYM, but only for a limited period. Such increases in style="fixed-case">SOC might help to limit increases in atmospheric style="fixed-case">CO2.
机译：在沙壤土上，已经测量了用虫替代可耕作物而将大气中二氧化碳（CO2）中的有机碳（SOC）隔离的现象，已有70多年的历史。最初设计该实验的目的是测试麦芽对可耕作物产量的影响。 3年放牧三叶草（草+三叶草）轮作牧草，可耕作的草在3年内使土壤表层25cm的有机碳百分比从0.98增至2823年的1.23，但几乎没有在接下来的40年中，所有草场均施以肥料氮（N）会进一步增加。在第二阶段，OC输入被损失平衡，这表明大约有1.3％OC可能接近该轮换的平衡含量。包括3年的紫花苜蓿（Medicago sativa）对28％年份的％OC影响不大，但改用草+三叶草的品种，在接下来的40年中，％OC升高至1.24。在1970年代开始以耕作作物的10年轮作制的8年leyleys（所有带有N或N +草或三叶草的草），并且在3个轮作之后，％OC升高到大约8％。 2000-2009年为1.40。在70多年的时间里，％OC在所有谷物的轮作中从0.98下降到0.94，主要是谷类作物则下降到0.82。到1960年代中期，每停止种植38ttha -1 农田肥料（FYM）的百分比OC就会增加0.13％。 FYM处理的土壤在2000–2009年仍然含有0.10％的 style =“ fixed-case”> OC 。 style =“ fixed-case”> OC 的数量变化已使用 style =“ fixed-case”> RothC ‐26.3和估计的 style =“固定大小写的C 用于选定的旋转。 70年来的 style =“ fixed-case”> OC 输入中几乎没有保留。大部分保留在放牧的旋转中，但在总输入189 t ha -1 中只有9 t ha -1 。在其他轮换中，丢失了全部 style =“ fixed-case”> OC 输入的98％。尽管 style =“ fixed-case”> C 的损失很大，但在这种土壤类型中，包括草或草+三叶草leys或 style =“ fixed-case”> FYM 的应用，但仅在有限的时期内。 style =“ fixed-case”> SOC 的这种增加可能有助于限制大气 style =“ fixed-case”> CO2 的增加。

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