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What Stroop tasks can tell us about selective attention from childhood to adulthood

机译:Stroop的哪些工作可以告诉我们从童年到成年的选择性注意

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摘要

A rich body of research concerns causes of Stroop effects plus applications of Stroop. However, several questions remain. We included assessment of errors with children and adults (N = 316), who sat either a task wherein each block employed only trials of one type (unmixed task) or where every block comprised of a mix of the congruent, neutral, and incongruent trials. Children responded slower than adults and made more errors on each task. Contrary to some previous studies, interference (the difference between neutral and incongruent condition) showed no reaction time (RT) differences by group or task, although there were differences in errors. By contrast, facilitation (the difference between neutral and congruent condition) was greater in children than adults, and greater on the unmixed task than the mixed task. After considering a number of theoretical accounts, we settle on the inadvertent word‐reading hypothesis, whereby facilitation stems from children and the unmixed task promoting inadvertent reading particularly in the congruent condition. Stability of interference RT is explained by fixed semantic differences between neutral and incongruent conditions, for children versus adults and for unmixed versus mixed task. We conclude that utilizing two tasks together may reveal more about how attention is affected in other groups.
机译:大量研究涉及Stroop效应的原因以及Stroop的应用。但是,仍然存在几个问题。我们包括对儿童和成人(N = 316)的错误进行评估,他们或执行一项任务,其中每个模块仅使用一种类型的试验(未混合的任务),或者每个模块都包含同等,中立和不一致的试验的组合。孩子们的反应比成人慢,并且在每个任务上犯了更多的错误。与先前的一些研究相反,干扰(中性和不一致条件之间的差异)显示,尽管存在误差,但按组或任务而言,反应时间(RT)没有差异。相比之下,儿童的促进作用(中性和全同条件之间的差异)大于成人,而在非混合任务中则比混合任务中更大。在考虑了一些理论上的解释后,我们解决了无意单词阅读假设的问题,这种便利来自儿童,而混合任务则促进了无意阅读,尤其是在全等情况下。干扰RT的稳定性可以通过中性和不一致条件之间固定的语义差异来解释,无论儿童还是成年人,还是杂项任务还是杂项任务。我们得出的结论是,同时使用两个任务可能会揭示更多有关其他小组如何关注注意力的信息。

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