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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>Wiley-Blackwell Online Open >View angle dependence of MODIS liquid water path retrievals in warm oceanic clouds
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View angle dependence of MODIS liquid water path retrievals in warm oceanic clouds

机译：海洋暖云中MODIS液态水路径反演的视角依赖性

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摘要

We investigated the view angle dependence of domain mean Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) liquid water path (LWP) and that of corresponding cloud optical thickness, effective radius, and liquid cloud fraction as proxy for plane-parallel retrieval biases. Independent Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer–EOS LWP was used to corroborate that the observed variations with sun-view geometry were not severely affected by seasonal/latitudinal changes in cloud properties. Microwave retrievals showed generally small (<10%) cross-swath variations. The view angle (cross-swath) dependence of MODIS optical thickness was weaker in backscatter than forward scatter directions and transitioned from mild ∩ shape to stronger ∪ shape as heterogeneity, sun angle, or latitude increased. The 2.2 µm effective radius variations always had a ∪ shape, which became pronounced and asymmetric toward forward scatter in the most heterogeneous clouds and/or at the lowest sun. Cloud fraction had the strongest and always ∪-shaped view angle dependence. As a result, in-cloud MODIS cloud liquid water path (CLWP) showed surprisingly good view angle (cross-swath) consistency, usually comparable to that of microwave retrievals, due to cancelation between optical thickness and effective radius biases. Larger (20–40%) nadir-relative increases were observed in the most extreme heterogeneity and sun angle bins, that is, typically in the polar regions, which, however, constituted only 3–8% of retrievals. The good consistency of MODIS in-cloud CLWP was lost for gridbox mean LWP, which was dominated by the strong cloud fraction increase with view angle. More worryingly, MODIS LWP exhibited significant and systematic absolute increases with heterogeneity and sun angle that is not present in microwave LWP.Key Points class="unordered" style="list-style-type:disc">Microwave LWP shows small overall and cross-swath variationsMODIS in-cloud LWP also shows good view angle consistency in most casesMODIS retrievals show strong overall increase with heterogeneity and sun angle
机译：我们研究了域均值中分辨率成像光谱仪（MODIS）液体水路（LWP）的视角依赖性以及相应的云光学厚度，有效半径和液云分数作为平面平行检索偏差的代表。使用独立的高级微波扫描辐射仪EOS LWP来证实，观察到的太阳视几何变化不受云特性的季节性/纬度变化的严重影响。微波取回显示出较小的（<10％）交叉带变化。 MODIS光学厚度的视角（横掠角）依赖性在后向散射中比向前散射方向弱，并且随着异质性，太阳角或纬度的增加，从轻度∩形过渡到较强的∪形。 2.2 µm的有效半径变化始终呈∪形状，在最不均匀的云层和/或最低的太阳处，向前方散射变得明显且不对称。云分数具有最强且始终呈∪形的视角依赖性。结果，由于光学厚度和有效半径偏差之间的抵消，云端MODIS云水路径（CLWP）表现出令人惊讶的良好的视角一致性（横向锯齿），通常可与微波检索相媲美。在最极端的非均质性和太阳角箱中，即在极地地区，观测到的最低点相对增大幅度更大（20–40％），但仅占取回量的3–8％。网格框平均LWP失去了MODIS云中CLWP的良好一致性，而这一优势主要是随视角的增加而增加的云比例。更令人担忧的是，MODIS LWP随微波LWP中不存在的异质性和太阳角而表现出明显且系统的绝对增加。要点 class =“ unordered” style =“ list-style-type：disc”> <！-list -behavior = unordered prefix-word = mark-type = disc max-label-size = 0-> 微波LWP显示出较小的整体变化和交叉变化 MODIS云中LWP也显示在大多数情况下，良好的视角一致性 MODIS检索结果显示，随着异质性和太阳角度的增加，总体上有很强的增长

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