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Genotype List String: a grammar for describing HLA and KIR genotyping results in a text string

机译:基因型列表字符串:用于描述文本字符串中的HLA和KIR基因分型结果的语法

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摘要

Knowledge of an individual's human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genotype is essential for modern medical genetics, and is crucial for hematopoietic stem cell and solid-organ transplantation. However, the high levels of polymorphism known for the HLA genes make it difficult to generate an HLA genotype that unambiguously identifies the alleles that are present at a given HLA locus in an individual. For the last 20 years, the histocompatibility and immunogenetics community has recorded this HLA genotyping ambiguity using allele codes developed by the National Marrow Donor Program (NMDP). While these allele codes may have been effective for recording an HLA genotyping result when initially developed, their use today results in increased ambiguity in an HLA genotype, and they are no longer suitable in the era of rapid allele discovery and ultra-high allele polymorphism. Here, we present a text string format capable of fully representing HLA genotyping results. This Genotype List (GL) String format is an extension of a proposed standard for reporting killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) genotype data that can be applied to any genetic data that use a standard nomenclature for identifying variants. The GL String format uses a hierarchical set of operators to describe the relationships between alleles, lists of possible alleles, phased alleles, genotypes, lists of possible genotypes, and multilocus unphased genotypes, without losing typing information or increasing typing ambiguity. When used in concert with appropriate tools to create, exchange, and parse these strings, we anticipate that GL Strings will replace NMDP allele codes for reporting HLA genotypes.
机译:个体的人类白细胞抗原(HLA)基因型的知识对于现代医学遗传学至关重要,对于造血干细胞和实体器官移植至关重要。然而,HLA基因已知的高水平多态性使得难以产生能够明确鉴定个体中给定HLA基因座上存在的等位基因的HLA基因型。在过去的20年中,组织相容性和免疫遗传学界已经使用国家骨髓捐赠者计划(NMDP)开发的等位基因密码记录了这种HLA基因分型的歧义。虽然这些等位基因密码在最初开发时可能已经有效记录HLA基因分型结果,但今天使用它们会导致HLA基因型的歧义性增加,因此它们不再适合于快速等位基因发现和超高等位基因多态性的时代。在这里,我们介绍一种文本字符串格式,该格式能够完全代表HLA基因分型结果。此基因型列表(GL)字符串格式是报告杀伤细胞免疫球蛋白样受体(KIR)基因型数据的拟议标准的扩展,该标准可应用于使用标准命名法鉴定变体的任何遗传数据。 GL字符串格式使用一组分层的运算符来描述等位基因,可能等位基因列表,定相等位基因,基因型,可能基因型列表以及多位点非定相基因型之间的关系,而不会丢失类型信息或增加类型歧义。当与适当的工具一起使用来创建,交换和解析这些字符串时,我们预计GL字符串将取代用于报告HLA基因型的NMDP等位基因代码。

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