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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>Wiley-Blackwell Online Open >Motivational incentives and methylphenidate enhance electrophysiological correlates of error monitoring in children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder
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Motivational incentives and methylphenidate enhance electrophysiological correlates of error monitoring in children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder

机译：动机和哌醋甲酯可增强注意力缺陷/多动障碍儿童错误监测的电生理相关性

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>Background Children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are characterised by developmentally inappropriate levels of hyperactivity, impulsivity and/or inattention and are particularly impaired when performing tasks that require a high level of cognitive control. Methylphenidate (MPH) and motivational incentives may help improve cognitive control by enhancing the ability to monitor response accuracy and regulate performance accordingly.>Methods Twenty-eight children with DSM-IV ADHD (combined type) aged 9–15 years and pairwise-matched typically developing children (CTRL) performed a goo-go task in which the incentives attached to performance on no-go trials were manipulated. The ADHD group performed the task off and on their usual dose of MPH. CTRL children performed the task twice but were never medicated. EEG data were recorded simultaneously and two electrophysiological indices of error monitoring, the error-related negativity (ERN) and error positivity (Pe) were measured. Amplitudes of each ERP were compared between diagnostic groups (CTRL, ADHD), medication days (Off MPH, On MPH) and motivational conditions (baseline – low incentive, reward, response cost).>Results Error rates were lower in the reward and response cost conditions compared with baseline across diagnostic groups and medication days. ERN and Pe amplitudes were significantly reduced in ADHD compared with CTRL, and were significantly enhanced by MPH. Incentives significantly increased ERN and Pe amplitudes in the ADHD group but had no effect in CTRL. The effects of incentives did not interact with the effects of MPH on either ERP. Effect sizes were computed and revealed larger effects of MPH than incentives on ERN and Pe amplitudes.>Conclusions The findings reveal independent effects of motivational incentives and MPH on two electrophysiological markers of error monitoring in children with ADHD, suggesting that each may be important tools for enhancing or restoring cognitive control in these children.
机译：>背景患有注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）的儿童的特征是过度发育，冲动和/或注意力不集中，尤其是在执行需要高水平认知控制的任务时，尤其容易受到损害。哌醋甲酯（MPH）和动机激励可能会通过增强监测反应准确性和相应调节绩效的能力来帮助改善认知控制。>方法 28名9-15岁的DSM-IV ADHD（合并型）儿童年和成对配对的通常发育中的儿童（CTRL）执行了“通过/不通过”任务，其中操纵了通过“不通过”试验获得的表现动机。多动症小组按常规剂量的MPH进行任务。 CTRL儿童两次执行任务，但从未服药。同时记录EEG数据，并测量两个错误监测的电生理指标，即错误相关的阴性（ERN）和错误阳性（Pe）。比较诊断组（CTRL，ADHD），用药天数（停用MPH，启用MPH）和动机状况（基线–低激励，奖励，响应成本）之间每个ERP的幅度。>结果与诊断组和用药天数的基线相比，奖励和响应成本条件要低。与CTRL相比，ADHD的ERN和Pe幅度显着降低，而MPH显着增强。诱因显着增加了ADHD组的ERN和Pe幅度，但对CTRL没有影响。激励措施的影响与MPH对任一ERP的影响均不相互影响。计算了效应大小，并揭示了MPH对动机的ERN和Pe振幅的影响大于激励。>结论研究结果揭示了动机激励和MPH对ADHD儿童错误监测的两个电生理指标的独立影响，提示：每种可能都是增强或恢复这些孩子认知控制的重要工具。

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