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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>Wiley-Blackwell Online Open >Indian Ocean Crossroads: Human Genetic Origin and Population Structure in the Maldives
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Indian Ocean Crossroads: Human Genetic Origin and Population Structure in the Maldives

机译：印度洋的十字路口：马尔代夫的人类遗传起源和种群结构

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摘要

The Maldives are an 850 km-long string of atolls located centrally in the northern Indian Ocean basin. Because of this geographic situation, the present-day Maldivian population has potential for uncovering genetic signatures of historic migration events in the region. We therefore studied autosomal DNA-, mitochondrial DNA-, and Y-chromosomal DNA markers in a representative sample of 141 unrelated Maldivians, with 119 from six major settlements. We found a total of 63 different mtDNA haplotypes that could be allocated to 29 mtDNA haplogroups, mostly within the M, R, and U clades. We found 66 different Y-STR haplotypes in 10 Y-chromosome haplogroups, predominantly H1, J2, L, R1a1a, and R2. Parental admixture analysis for mtDNA- and Y-haplogroup data indicates a strong genetic link between the Maldive Islands and mainland South Asia, and excludes significant gene flow from Southeast Asia. Paternal admixture from West Asia is detected, but cannot be distinguished from admixture from South Asia. Maternal admixture from West Asia is excluded. Within the Maldives, we find a subtle genetic substructure in all marker systems that is not directly related to geographic distance or linguistic dialect. We found reduced Y-STR diversity and reduced male-mediated gene flow between atolls, suggesting independent male founder effects for each atoll. Detected reduced female-mediated gene flow between atolls confirms a Maldives-specific history of matrilocality. In conclusion, our new genetic data agree with the commonly reported Maldivian ancestry in South Asia, but furthermore suggest multiple, independent immigration events and asymmetrical migration of females and males across the archipelago. Am J Phys Anthropol 151:58–67, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
机译：马尔代夫是一串长850公里的环礁，位于印度洋北部盆地的中心。由于这种地理环境，当今的马尔代夫人口有潜力揭示该地区历史性移民事件的遗传特征。因此，我们在141个不相关的马尔代夫人（六个主要定居点中的119个）的代表性样本中研究了常染色体DNA，线粒体DNA和Y染色体DNA标记。我们发现总共63种不同的mtDNA单倍型可以分配给29个mtDNA单倍型，主要在M，R和U进化枝内。我们在10个Y染色体单体组中发现了66种不同的Y-STR单体型，主要是H1，J2，L，R1a1a和R2。父母对mtDNA和Y-hoplogroup数据的混合分析表明，马尔代夫群岛与南亚大陆之间存在紧密的遗传联系，并且排除了来自东南亚的大量基因流。已检测到来自西亚的父系混合物，但无法与来自南亚的混合物区分开。来自西亚的母体混合物不包括在内。在马尔代夫内，我们在所有标记系统中都发现了一个微妙的遗传子结构，它与地理距离或语言方言没有直接关系。我们发现环礁之间的Y-STR多样性降低，且雄性介导的基因流量减少，这表明每个环礁的独立雄性创始人效应。在环礁之间检测到的雌性介导的基因流量减少，证实了马尔代夫特定的母体史。总之，我们的新遗传数据与南亚普遍报道的马尔代夫血统相一致，但进一步表明，整个群岛发生了多次独立的移民事件，男女的非对称迁移。 Am J Phys Anthropol，151：58-67，2013年。©2013 Wiley Periodicals，Inc.

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