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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>ZooKeys >Antispila oinophylla new species (Lepidoptera Heliozelidae) a new North American grapevine leafminer invading Italian vineyards: taxonomy DNA barcodes and life cycle
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Antispila oinophylla new species (Lepidoptera Heliozelidae) a new North American grapevine leafminer invading Italian vineyards: taxonomy DNA barcodes and life cycle

机译：Antispila oinophylla新种（鳞翅目Heliozelidae）一种入侵意大利葡萄园的北美新葡萄挖叶机：分类学DNA条码和生命周期

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摘要

A grapevine leafminer Antispila oinophylla van Nieukerken & Wagner, >sp. n., is described both from eastern North America (type locality: Georgia) and as a new important invader in North Italian vineyards (Trentino and Veneto Region) since 2006. The species is closely related to, and previously confused with Antispila ampelopsifoliella Chambers, 1874, a species feeding on Virginia creeper Parthenocissus quinquefolia (L.) Planchon., and both are placed in an informal Antispila ampelopsifoliella group. Wing pattern, genitalia, and DNA barcode data all confirm the conspecificity of native North American populations and Italian populations. COI barcodes differ by only 0–1.23%, indicating that the Italian populations are recently established from eastern North America. The new species feeds on various wild Vitis species in North America, on cultivated Vitis vinifera L. in Italy, and also on Parthenocissus quinquefolia in Italy. North American Antispila feeding on Parthenocissus include at least two other species, one of which is Antispila ampelopsifoliella. Morphology and biology of the new species are contrasted with those of North American Antispila Hübner, 1825 species and European Holocacista rivillei (Stainton, 1855). The source population of the introduction is unknown, but cases with larvae or pupae, attached to imported plants, are a likely possibility. DNA barcodes of the three European grapevine leafminers and those of all examined Heliozelidae are highly diagnostic. North American Vitaceae-feeding Antispila form two species complexes and include several as yet unnamed taxa. The identity of three out of the four previously described North American Vitaceae-feeding species cannot be unequivocally determined without further revision, but these are held to be different from Antispila oinophylla. In Italy the biology of Antispila oinophylla was studied in a vineyard in the Trento Province (Trentino-Alto Adige Region) in 2008 and 2009. Mature larvae overwinter inside their cases, fixed to vine trunks or training stakes. The first generation flies in June. An additional generation occurs from mid-August onwards. The impact of the pest in this vineyard was significant with more than 90% of leaves infested in mid-summer. Since the initial discovery in 2006, the pest spread to several additional Italian provinces, in 2010 the incidence of infestation was locally high in commercial vineyards. Preliminary phylogenetic analyses suggest that Antispila is paraphyletic, and that the Antispila ampelopsifoliella group is related to Coptodisca Walsingham, 1895, Holocacista Walsingham & Durrant, 1909 and Antispilina Hering, 1941, all of which possess reduced wing venation. Vitaceae may be the ancestral hostplant family for modern Heliozelidae.
机译：葡萄采叶机Antispila oinophylla van Nieukerken＆Wagner，> sp。 n。被描述为来自北美东部（地区类型：乔治亚州），并且自2006年以来被描述为意大利北部葡萄园（特伦蒂诺和威尼托大区）的一个新的重要侵略者。 Antispila ampelopsifoliella钱伯斯（Chambers），1874年，以弗吉尼亚爬山虎爬山虎（Parthenocissus quinquefolia（L.）Planchon。）为食的物种，都被安置在非正式的Antispila ampelopsifoliella组中。机翼样式，生殖器和DNA条形码数据均证实了北美原住民和意大利人的同种异性。 COI条码仅相差0–1.23％，这表明意大利人口是最近从北美东部建立的。这些新物种以北美的各种野生葡萄品种，意大利的栽培葡萄葡萄以及意大利的爬山虎（Parthenocissus quinquefolia）为食。以 爬山虎科 为食的北美安提斯皮拉至少还包括另外两个物种，其中之一是 Antispila ampelopsifoliella 。该新物种的形态和生物学与1825种北美 Antispila Hübner和欧洲 Holocacista rivillei （斯坦顿，1855年）。引种的来源种群未知，但可能有幼虫或p附着在进口植物上的病例。欧洲三个葡萄树采摘者的DNA条形码以及所有检查过的 Heliozelidae 的DNA条形码都具有高度诊断性。北美葡萄科-喂食 Antispila 形成两个物种的复合体，其中包括多个未命名的分类单元。未经进一步修订，不能明确确定先前描述的四种北美 Vitaceae 饲养物种中的三种。但是，这些物种与 < em class =“ taxon-name”> Antispila oinophylla 。在意大利，分别于2008年和2009年在特伦托省（特伦蒂诺—上阿迪杰州）的葡萄园中研究了 Antispila oinophylla 的生物学特性。成熟幼虫在箱内越冬，固定在藤蔓树干或训练桩上。第一代飞机在六月飞行。从8月中旬开始又发生了一次。害虫对这个葡萄园的影响很大，仲夏时有90％以上的叶子被侵染。自2006年首次发现以来，该病虫害蔓延到了意大利的其他几个省，2010年该地区商业葡萄园的侵扰发生率很高。初步的系统发育分析表明， Antispila 是副生的，而 Antispila ampelopsifoliella em> 组与 Coptodisca Walsingham有关，1895年， Holocacista Walsingham＆Durrant（1909年）和 Antispilina Hering（1941年），所有这些都具有降低的机翼静脉。 V科可能是现代 Heliozelidae 的祖先寄主植物家族。

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