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首页> 外文期刊>AAPG Bulletin >When do faults in sedimentary basins leak? Stress and deformation in sedimentary basins; examples from the North Sea and Haltenbanken, offshore Norway
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When do faults in sedimentary basins leak? Stress and deformation in sedimentary basins; examples from the North Sea and Haltenbanken, offshore Norway

机译：沉积盆地的断层什么时候泄漏？沉积盆地的应力和变形；挪威海上的北海和哈尔滕班肯的例子

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摘要

Faults may be barriers or conduits for fluid flow in sedimentary basins. The properties of faults, however, depend on stress conditions and rock properties at the time of deformation and subsequent diagenesis of the fault zone. Several recent publications have suggested that petroleum reservoirs in the North Sea and at Haltenbanken, offshore mid-Norway, have experienced leakage along faults caused by imposed stresses, related to glacial loading during the Quaternary. The Jurassic reservoirs in these areas are, however, bounded by faults produced during the Upper Jurassic rifting, when the sediments were still soft and, for the most part, uncemented. These faults do not represent zones of weakness. Because of strain hardening and later diagenesis in sandstones and cementation in mudstones, the fault zones are commonly stronger than the adjacent rocks. They are therefore not likely to be reactivated tectonically. Furthermore, there is little evidence of glacial deformation in the Quaternary sediments overlying these oil fields. It has been proposed that very large horizontal stresses, inferred to be related to periods of glacial loading, caused shear failure at pore pressures below fracture pressure and subsequent leakage along these shear zones. We argue that this is not a likely mechanism during progressive burial in sedimentary basins. Very high horizontal effective stresses, up to 60 MPa, at about 3 km (1.8 mi) depth, at Haltenbanken would have caused more mechanical compaction and grain crushing than that observed in situ. External stress, i.e., plate-tectonic stress from spreading ridges (ridge push), will be transmitted primarily through the basement and not through the much more compressible overlying sedimentary rocks.
机译：断层可能是沉积物 盆地中流体流动的障碍或管道。但是，断层的性质取决于变形时的应力 条件和岩石性质，以及断层带随后的成岩作用。最近的一些出版物 都表明，北海和挪威中部近海哈尔滕班班的 的石油储层都经历了由强加力引起的断层漏油。应力，与第四纪的冰川 加载有关。但是，在这些 地区的侏罗系储层受到在侏罗纪上裂过程中产生的断层的限制，当时沉积物仍然很软，并且对于 大部分是未粘固的。这些故障不代表薄弱区域 。由于砂岩中的应变硬化和后来的成岩作用，泥岩中的胶结作用，断层带通常比邻近的岩石更坚固。因此，它们 不太可能以构造方式重新激活。此外，几乎没有证据表明覆盖这些油田的第四纪沉积物中的冰川变形。有人提出， 很大的水平应力（推测与冰期的周期 有关）会在低于 的压裂压力下引起剪切破坏。 。我们认为在沉积盆地渐进式 埋葬期间这不是一个可能的机制。在Haltenbanken 处约3 km（1.8 mi）深度处，高达60 MPa的非常高的水平有效应力会导致更多的机械压实和晶粒破碎 < / sup>比原位观察到的高。外部应力，即来自伸展脊的板构造应力（sup）（脊推动），将主要通过地下室传递，而不是通过更多的传递。 >可压缩的沉积岩。

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  • 来源
    《AAPG Bulletin》 |2005年第8期|00001019-00001031|共13页
  • 作者

    Knut Bj?rlykke; Kaare H?eg; Jan Inge Faleide; Jens Jahren;

  • 作者单位

    Department of Geosciences, Box 1047 University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norwayknut.bjorlykke@geologi.uio.no;

    Department of Geosciences, Box 1047 University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway;

    Department of Geosciences, Box 1047 University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway;

    Department of Geosciences, Box 1047 University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway;

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