The reactions of maleic acid/sodium hypophosphite (NaH_2PO_2) with cotton cellulose and the effectiveness of this treatment in reducing the flammability of cotton fleece were studied. Cotton fleece was treated with different concentrations of maleic acid/NaH_2PO_2, in which NaH_2PO_2 was both a catalyst and a reactant. The results showed that the maleic acid/NaH_2PO_2 system was effective in reducing the flammability of cotton fleece. The esterification reaction occurred at low temperature and the ester amount increased slightly with the curing temperature. The phosphorous content and phosphorous retention on the cotton fleece increased sharply with the curing temperature. NaH_2PO_2 was shown to be an effective catalyst/reactant resulting in high phosphorous retention and high ester amount on the treated cotton fleece.
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