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The effect of motor control requirements on drivers' eye-gaze pattern during automated driving

机译：电机控制要求对自动驾驶期间司机眼凝视图案的影响

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This driving simulator study compared drivers' eye movements during a series of lane-changes, which required different levels of motor control for their execution. Participants completed 12 lane-changing manoeuvres in three drives, categorised by degree of manual engagement with the driving task: Fully Manual Drive, Manual Intervention Required, Fully Automated Drive (Manual drive, Partial automation, Full automation). For Partial automation, drivers resumed control from the automated system and changed lane manually. For Full automation, the automated system managed the lane change, but participants initiated the manoeuvre by pulling the indicator lever. Results were compared to the Manual drive condition, where drivers controlled the vehicle at all times. For each driving condition, lane changing was initiated by drivers, at their discretion, in response to a slow-moving lead vehicle, which entered their lane. Failure to change lane did not result in a collision. To understand how different motor control requirements affected driver visual attention, eye movements to the road centre, and drivers' vertical and horizontal gaze dispersion were compared during different stages of the lane change manoeuvre, for the three drives. Results showed that drivers' attention to the road centre was generally lower for drives with less motor control requirements, especially when they were not engaged in the lane change process. However, as drivers moved closer to the lead vehicle, and prepared to change lane, the pattern of eye movements to the road centre converged, regardless of whether drivers were responsible for the manual control of the lane change. While there were no significant differences in horizontal gaze dispersion between the three drives, vertical dispersion for the two levels of automation was quite different, with higher dispersion during Partial automation, which was due to a higher reliance on the HMI placed in the centre console.
机译：这种驾驶模拟器在一系列车道变化期间比较了驱动器的眼球运动，这需要不同级别的电机控制。参与者在三个驱动器中完成了12个车道变化的机动，通过手动啮合程度与驾驶任务进行分类：完全手动驱动，手动干预需要，完全自动化驱动器（手动驱动，部分自动化，完全自动化）。对于部分自动化，驱动程序恢复了自动化系统的控制，手动更改通道。为了完整的自动化，自动化系统管理车道变化，但参与者通过拉动指示灯杆启动机动。结果与手动驱动条件进行了比较，驾驶员始终控制车辆。对于每个驾驶条件，驾驶员在酌情响应于进入他们的车道的慢速移动的铅车辆时由司机发起车道变化。没有改变车道没有导致碰撞。要了解如何不同的电机控制需求对驾驶员的视觉注意，在车道变换机动的不同阶段进行了对道路中心的眼球运动，以及驾驶员的垂直和水平凝视色散。结果表明，对于具有较少电机控制要求的驱动器，司机对道路中心的注意力普遍较低，特别是当它们没有从事车道变化过程时。然而，随着司机更接近铅载，并准备改变车道，无论驱动器是否负责车道变化的手动控制，都会融合到道路中心的眼球运动模式。虽然三个驱动器之间的水平凝视色散没有显着差异，但是两个级别自动化的垂直分散均有很大差异，并且部分自动化期间具有更高的色散，这是由于对位于中央控制台中的HMI更高的依赖性。

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