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首页> 外文期刊>Accident Analysis & Prevention >Automobile-dependency as a barrier to vision zero, evidence from the states in the USA
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Automobile-dependency as a barrier to vision zero, evidence from the states in the USA

机译：美国各州的证据表明，汽车依赖是零视力的障碍

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With a traffic fatality rate of 10.6 per 100,000 as of 2013-more than triple that in the UK, the Netherlands, and Sweden the United States has the worst traffic safety performance of all developed countries. Statewide variations are even more pronounced. North Dakota registers more than twice the national average and five times the rate of Massachusetts. We used panel models and annual data from 1997 to 2013 to capture the effect of seven separate sets of factors that influence traffic safety: exposure, travel behavior, socioeconomics, macroeconomics, safety policies, and mitigating factors such as health care. The results of our panel models and supplementary analysis of state effects show that two variables Vehicle Miles Traveled and Vehicles per Capita have the strongest impact on traffic fatality rates. This is closely followed by Infant Mortality Rates, the proxy that we used to represent the quality of health care. Policy levers such as Graduated Driver's Licenses (GDL) have improved safety, but to a limited extent. We also found that states with higher urban density and more walking are associated with lower traffic fatality rates. Taken as a whole, our findings suggest that if additional progress is to be made in reducing traffic fatalities, emphasis needs to move beyond simply focusing on policies such as GDL and seat belt laws, which have already been adopted by almost all jurisdictions across the United States. We need to also consider factors that focus on the type of urban form that we are creating to ensure that we are fostering environments that encourage multi-modal transportation such as walking to reduce the VMT and Vehicles per Capita, the two strongest predictors of traffic fatalities.
机译：截至2013年，交通事故死亡率为每10万人中10.6倍，是英国，荷兰和瑞典的三倍多，美国是所有发达国家中最差的交通安全表现。全州范围的变化更加明显。北达科他州是全国平均水平的两倍以上，是马萨诸塞州的五倍。我们使用了1997年至2013年的面板模型和年度数据来捕获影响交通安全的七组独立因素的影响：暴露，旅行行为，社会经济学，宏观经济，安全政策以及缓解因素，例如医疗保健。我们面板模型的结果和状态影响的补充分析表明，两个变量“行车里程”和“人均车辆”对交通死亡率的影响最大。紧随其后的是婴儿死亡率，这是我们用来代表卫生保健质量的指标。诸如分级驾驶执照（GDL）之类的政策手段已提高了安全性，但在一定程度上有所提高。我们还发现，城市密度较高，步行较多的州与较低的交通事故死亡率相关。总的来说，我们的研究结果表明，如果要在减少交通事故方面取得更多进展，则重点不仅应集中在GDL和安全带法律等政策上，这些政策已被美国几乎所有辖区采用状态。我们还需要考虑关注我们正在创建的城市形式类型的因素，以确保我们营造鼓励多式联运的环境，例如步行以减少VMT和人均车辆，这是交通死亡的两个最强预测指标。

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