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首页> 外文期刊>Accident Analysis & Prevention >Bicycle helmets are highly effective at preventing head injury during head impact: Head-form accelerations and injury criteria for helmeted and unhelmeted impacts
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Bicycle helmets are highly effective at preventing head injury during head impact: Head-form accelerations and injury criteria for helmeted and unhelmeted impacts

机译：自行车头盔在预防头部撞击时头部受伤方面非常有效：头部形式的加速度以及头盔和非头盔撞击的伤害标准

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摘要

Cycling is a popular form of recreation and method of commuting with clear health benefits. However, cycling is not without risk. In Canada, cycling injuries are more common than in any other summer sport; and according to the US National Highway and Traffic Safety Administration, 52,000 cyclists were injured in the US in 2010. Head injuries account for approximately two-thirds of hospital admissions and three-quarters of fatal injuries among injured cyclists. In many jurisdictions and across all age levels, helmets have been adopted to mitigate risk of serious head injuries among cyclists and the majority of epidemio-logical literature suggests that helmets effectively reduce risk of injury. Critics have raised questions over the actual efficacy of helmets by pointing to weaknesses in existing helmet epidemiology including selection bias and lack of appropriate control for the type of impact sustained by the cyclist and the severity of the head impact. These criticisms demonstrate the difficulty in conducting epidemiology studies that will be regarded as definitive and the need for complementary biomechanical studies where confounding factors can be adequately controlled. In the bicycle helmet context, there is a paucity of biomechanical data comparing helmeted to unhelmeted head impacts and, to our knowledge, there is no data of this type available with contemporary helmets. In this research, our objective was to perform biomechanical testing of paired helmeted and unhelmeted head impacts using a validated anthropomorphic test head-form and a range of drop heights between 0.5 m and 3.0 m, while measuring headform acceleration and Head Injury Criterion (HIC). In the 2 m (6.3 m/s) drops, the middle of our drop height range, the helmet reduced peak accelerations from 824 g (unhelmeted) to 181 g (helmeted) and HIC was reduced from 9667 (unhelmeted) to 1250 (helmeted). At realistic impact speeds of 5.4 m/s (1.5 m drop) and 6.3 m/s (2.0 m drop), bicycle helmets changed the probability of severe brain injury from extremely likely (99.9% risk at both 5.4 and 6.3 m/s) to unlikely (9.3% and 30.6% risk at 1.5 m and 2.0 m drops respectively). These biomechanical results for acceleration and HIC, and the corresponding results for reduced risk of severe brain injury show that contemporary bicycle helmets are highly effective at reducing head injury metrics and the risk for severe brain injury in head impacts characteristic of bicycle crashes.
机译：骑自行车是一种休闲娱乐方式，通勤方式具有明显的健康益处。但是，骑自行车并非没有风险。在加拿大，骑自行车受伤比任何其他夏季运动更为普遍。根据美国国家公路和交通安全管理局（US National Highway and Traffic Safety Administration）的数据，2010年美国有52,000名骑自行车者受伤。头部受伤约占受伤自行车入院人数的三分之二，致命伤害占四分之三。在许多辖区和各个年龄段，骑行者都采用头盔来减轻严重头部受伤的危险，并且大多数流行病学文献表明头盔有效地降低了受伤的风险。批评者通过指出现有头盔流行病学中的弱点，对头盔的实际功效提出了质疑，包括选择偏见以及对骑自行车者所承受的撞击类型和头部撞击的严重性缺乏适当控制。这些批评证明了进行流行病学研究的困难，这将被认为是确定的，并且需要进行补充性生物力学研究，以便可以充分控制混杂因素。在自行车头盔的情况下，很少有生物力学数据将头盔与未头盔的头部碰撞进行比较，并且据我们所知，目前尚无此类头盔可用的数据。在这项研究中，我们的目标是使用经过验证的拟人化测试头形和在0.5 m至3.0 m之间的跌落高度范围，对头盔和非头盔对的头部撞击进行生物力学测试，同时测量头形加速度和头部受伤标准（HIC） 。在跌落高度范围中间的2 m（6.3 m / s）跌落中，头盔的峰值加速度从824 g（无头盔）降低到181 g（头盔），HIC从9667（无头盔）降低到1250（头盔） ）。在实际撞击速度分别为5.4 m / s（下降1.5 m）和6.3 m / s（下降2.0 m）时，自行车头盔将发生严重脑损伤的可能性从极有可能改变（在5.4和6.3 m / s时均为99.9％的风险）可能性很小（分别在1.5 m和2.0 m跌落时的风险分别为9.3％和30.6％）。这些用于加速和HIC的生物力学结果以及相应的降低严重脑损伤风险的结果表明，现代自行车头盔在降低头部伤害指标以及自行车碰撞导致的头部撞击的严重脑损伤风险方面非常有效。

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  • 来源
    《Accident Analysis & Prevention》 |2014年第9期|1-7|共7页
  • 作者

    Peter A. Cripton; Daniel M. Dressler; Cameron A. Stuart; Christopher R. Dennison; Darrin Richards;

  • 作者单位

    Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of British Columbia, 6250 Applied Science Lane, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries, University of British Columbia, Canada Centre for Hip Health and Mobility, University of British Columbia, Canada Orthopaedic and Injury Biomechanics Group, University of British Columbia, Canada;

    Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries, University of British Columbia, Canada Orthopaedic and Injury Biomechanics Group, University of British Columbia, Canada;

    Synaptic Analysis Consulting Group, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada;

    Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries, University of British Columbia, Canada;

    Synaptic Analysis Consulting Group, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada;

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  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

    Brain injury; Concussion; Helmet; Bicycle; Injury prevention;

    机译：脑损伤;脑震荡;头盔;自行车;预防伤害;

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