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Exploring inattention and distraction in the SafetyNet Accident Causation Database

机译：在SafetyNet事故因果数据库中探索注意力不集中和分散注意力

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摘要

Distraction and inattention are considered to be very important and prevalent factors in the causation of road accidents. There have been many recent research studies which have attempted to understand the circumstances under which a driver becomes distracted or inattentive and how distraction/inattention can be prevented. Both factors are thought to have become more important in recent times partly due to the evolution of in-vehicle information and communication technology. This study describes a methodology that was developed to understand when factors such as distraction and inattention may have been contributors to crashes and also describes some of the consequences of distraction and inattention in terms of subsequent driver actions. The study uses data relating to distraction and inattention from the SafetyNet Accident Causation Database. This database was formulated as part of the SafetyNet project to address the lack of representative in-depth accident causation data within the European Union. Data were collected in 6 European countries using 'on-scene' and 'nearly on-scene' crash investigation methodologies. 32% of crashes recorded in the database, involved at least one driver, rider or pedestrian, who was determined to be 'Inattentive' or 'Distracted'. 212 of the drivers were assigned 'Distraction' and 140 drivers were given the code 'Inattention'. It was found that both distraction and inattention often lead to missed observations within the driving task and consequently Timing' or 'Direction' become critical events in the aetiology of crashes. In addition, the crash types and outcomes may differ according to the type and nature of the distraction and inattention as determined by the in-depth investigations. The development of accident coding methodology is described in this study as is its evolution into the Driver Reliability and Error Analysis Model (DREAM) version 3.0.
机译：分心和注意力不集中被认为是造成道路交通事故的重要因素。最近的许多研究尝试试图了解驾驶员分心或注意力不集中的情况以及如何防止分心/注意力不集中。近来，这两个因素被认为变得越来越重要，部分原因是由于车载信息和通信技术的发展。这项研究描述了一种开发的方法，可以理解何时分心和注意力不集中等因素可能是导致撞车的原因，并且还描述了分心和注意力不集中在后续驾驶员行为方面的一些后果。该研究使用了来自SafetyNet事故因果数据库中与分心和注意力不集中有关的数据。该数据库是SafetyNet项目的一部分，旨在解决欧盟内部缺乏代表性的深入事故原因数据的问题。使用“现场”和“几乎现场”碰撞调查方法在6个欧洲国家中收集了数据。数据库中记录的32％的撞车事故涉及至少一名被确定为“注意力不集中”或“分散注意力”的驾驶员，骑手或行人。其中212位驾驶员被分配了“注意力分散”，140位驾驶员被赋予了代码“注意力不集中”。人们发现，分心和注意力不集中常常会导致驾驶任务中的观察失误，因此，“时机”或“方向”成为撞车病因的关键事件。此外，根据深入调查确定的分散注意力和注意力不集中的类型和性质，碰撞类型和后果可能有所不同。本研究描述了事故编码方法的发展，以及它向驾驶员可靠性和错误分析模型（DREAM）3.0版的演变。

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