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首页> 外文期刊>Accident Analysis & Prevention >Explicit and implicit self-enhancement biases in drivers and their relationship to driving violations and crash-risk optimism
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Explicit and implicit self-enhancement biases in drivers and their relationship to driving violations and crash-risk optimism

机译：驾驶员的显性和隐性自我提升偏见及其与驾驶违规和碰撞风险乐观的关系

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摘要

Previous research has found that drivers tend to consider themselves superior to their peers on both driving ability and driving caution, as well as judging themselves as at less risk of a crash (crash-risk optimism). These studies have relied on explicit measures by getting drivers to respond to written items. The current study measured 158 New Zealand drivers' explicit and implicit attitudes towards their own driving attributes in comparison with others. Implicit attitudes were measured using a computer-based reaction time task, the Implicit Association Test (IAT). Both explicit and implicit self-enhancement biases were found in driver ability and driver caution. Implicit biases were considerably stronger than explicit biases and men demonstrated stronger self-enhancement biases in driving ability than women. Explicit and implicit ratings of driving ability and explicit ratings of driver caution predicted crash-risk optimism. Explicit and implicit ratings of driving caution predicted a measure of driving violations. The implications for safety interventions and research on drivers' mental processes are discussed particularly in regard to the ability of implicit measures to bypass social desirability effects.
机译：先前的研究发现，驾驶员在驾驶能力和驾驶谨慎性方面都认为自己优于同龄人，并且认为自己发生撞车的风险较小（撞车风险乐观）。这些研究依靠明确的措施，使驾驶员对书面物品做出回应。本研究测量了158名新西兰驾驶员与其他驾驶员相比对自己的驾驶属性的明示和暗示态度。隐性态度是使用基于计算机的反应时间任务，即隐性联想测验（IAT）进行测量的。驾驶员能力和驾驶员谨慎性都发现了显性和内隐的自我提升偏见。内隐偏见比外显偏见要强得多，男性在驾驶能力方面的自我提升偏见要比女性强。驾驶能力的显式和隐式评级以及驾驶员注意的显式评级可预测撞车风险乐观。明确和隐含的驾驶警告等级可以预测驾驶违规的程度。讨论了对安全干预措施的影响以及对驾驶员心理过程的研究，特别是关于隐性措施绕过社会期望效应的能力方面。

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