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Safe pedestrian crossings for children and elderly

机译：儿童和老人的安全行人过路处

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摘要

In May 2000, the Swedish code governing the conduct of drivers at marked crosswalks became stricter with the intent to improve safety and mobility for pedestrians. A crash analysis based on a macro study of all of Sweden suggests that the injury risk in marked, not reconstructed, crosswalks increased by 27% for pedestrians and 19% for bicyclists. The reason for this may be that pedestrians get a false sense of safety with the new code. Reconstructions aiming at lowering speeds are indeed needed for the change of code to be positive. The 90-percentile speed should not exceed 30 km/h or safety will deteriorate. However, low speed by itself may not guarantee optimal safety. Safety can be further improved at sites, which already have been reconstructed to ensure low speeds. Results based on field data collected at sites close to schools in Malmoe, Trollhaettan and Boras in Sweden, and in-depth studies and other analyses of Finnish and Swedish police-reported crashes, suggest that safety of children and elderly is further improved at sites where visibility, orientation and clarity are sufficient. Also, marking crosswalks may increase yield rates (expected improvement 6%) towards pedestrians; and speed cushions situated at a longer distance from the marked crosswalk increase yield rates towards pedestrians and cyclists compared to speed cushions closer by.
机译：2000年5月，瑞典法规对有标志的人行横道上的驾驶员行为进行了严格管理，以提高行人的安全性和机动性。根据对整个瑞典的宏观研究进行的撞车分析表明，在明显的，未经重建的人行横道中，行人受伤的危险增加了27％，而骑自行车的人则增加了19％。其原因可能是新法规使行人产生了错误的安全感。确实需要进行旨在降低速度的重构，以使代码更改具有积极意义。 90％的速度不应超过30 km / h，否则安全性将恶化。但是，低速本身不能保证最佳的安全性。在已经重建以确保低速行驶的现场，可以进一步提高安全性。根据在瑞典马尔默，特罗尔海坦和波拉斯附近学校现场收集的现场数据，以及对芬兰和瑞典警方报告的撞车事件进行的深入研究和其他分析，结果表明，在以下地点，儿童和老人的安全性得到了进一步改善：可见性，方向性和清晰度就足够了。另外，设置人行横道可以提高行人的出行率（预计提高6％）；与靠近人行横道的速度缓冲垫相比，距离明显的人行横道较长的速度缓冲垫提高了对行人和骑自行车者的收率。

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