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首页> 外文期刊>Accident Analysis & Prevention >Predictors of driving exposure and avoidance in a field study of older drivers from the state of Maryland.
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Predictors of driving exposure and avoidance in a field study of older drivers from the state of Maryland.

机译：在来自马里兰州的老年驾驶员的现场研究中，驾驶暴露和避免的预测指标。

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Using structural equation modeling techniques, this study examines causal models of driving avoidance and exposure among older adults. Prior studies have revealed that past incidence of falls, Useful Field of View (UFOV) test performance, and Trails Making test performance are predictive of subsequent motor vehicle crash involvement [Owsley, C., Ball, K., McGwin Jr., G., Sloane, M.E., Roenker, D.L., White, M.F., Overley, E.T., 1998. Visual processing impairment and risk of motor vehicle crash among older adults. J. Am. Med. Assoc. 279 (14), 1083-1088; Sims, R.V., McGwin, G., Pulley, L., Roseman, J.M., 2001. Mobility impairments in crash-involved older drivers. J. Aging Health 13 (3), 430-438; Stutts, J.C., 1998. Do older drivers with visual nd cognitive impairments drive less? J. Am. Geriatr. Soc. 46, 854-861]. Data analyses used these indices, along with age, health, measures of physical functioning, and additional measures of cognitive functioning, to examine driving exposure and avoidance behaviors.A field sample of 4,234 drivers, 55 years of age and older, were recruited from the Maryland Motor Vehicles Administration after renewing their driver's licenses. A performance-based assessment, which included the Gross Impairment Screening battery and task 2 of the UFOV test, was completed by participants. A sub-sample of participants (n=815) were interviewed by telephone about their health and mobility 3-6 months following the initial assessment at a renewal center. In addition to age and gender, latent variables for health status, physical functioning, cognitive functioning, driving exposure, and driving avoidance were created. Direct and indirect causal paths were specified. Age, gender, health status, and cognitive functioning had direct effects on both driving exposure and driving avoidance; physical functioning did not have a direct effect on driving exposure or avoidance. The implications of these findings are discussed as they relate to designing interventions to promote mobility.
机译：本研究使用结构方程建模技术，研究了老年人避免驾驶和暴露的因果模型。先前的研究表明，过去的跌倒发生率，有用视场（UFOV）测试性能和“追踪制造”测试性能可以预测随后发生的汽车碰撞事故[Owsley，C.，Ball，K.，McGwin Jr.，G. ，Sloane，ME，Roenker，DL，White，MF，Overley，ET，1998。老年人的视觉处理障碍和机动车碰撞风险。 J.上午中副会长279（14），1083-1088； Sims，R.V.，McGwin，G.，Pulley，L.，Roseman，J.M.，2001年。与撞车有关的年长驾驶员的行动能力受损。 J.老年健康13（3），430-438; Stutts，J.C.，1998年。患有视觉和认知障碍的老年驾驶员会少开车吗？ J.上午杰里亚特。 Soc。 46，854-861]。数据分析使用了这些指标，以及年龄，健康状况，身体机能指标和认知功能指标，以检查驾驶暴露和回避行为。该调查从4234名55岁以上的驾驶员中进行了实地调查。马里兰州机动车管理局续领了驾驶执照。参与者完成了一项基于绩效的评估，其中包括总障碍筛查电池和UFOV测试任务2。在更新中心进行初步评估后3到6个月，通过电话就参与者的健康和行动能力对参与者的子样本（n = 815）进行了采访。除了年龄和性别，还创建了健康状况，身体机能，认知机能，驾驶暴露和避免驾驶的潜在变量。指定了直接和间接因果路径。年龄，性别，健康状况和认知功能对驾驶暴露和避免驾驶都有直接影响。身体功能对驾驶暴露或回避没有直接影响。对这些发现的含义进行了讨论，因为它们与设计干预措施以促进流动性有关。

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