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首页> 外文期刊>Accident Analysis & Prevention >Cost savings from a sustained compulsory breath testing and media campaign in New Zealand.
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Cost savings from a sustained compulsory breath testing and media campaign in New Zealand.

机译：通过在新西兰进行持续的强制性呼气测试和媒体运动来节省成本。

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This paper evaluates three approaches to compulsory breath testing (CBT) where all drivers stopped are tested: (1) intensive, moderate-profile CBT (plus zero alcohol tolerance for drivers under age 20, which was implemented simultaneously, remains in effect, and unavoidably is commingled with CBT in the effectiveness estimates); (2) CBT plus an enhanced media campaign; and (3) shifting to aggressively visible booze buses, which also streamlined drunk-driver processing, plus enhanced community campaigns against drunk-driving. Approaches 1 and 2 were implemented throughout New Zealand (NZ) in 1993 and 1995. Booze buses and community programs were added for about one-third of the country in late 1996. ARIMA time series models estimated the impact on serious and fatal injury crashes between 10 p.m. and 3 a.m., a proxy for alcohol-related crashes. A benefit-cost analysis assessed return on investment. Cost savings were analyzed from four perspectives: societal, governmental, drunk-drivers', and people otherthan drunk-drivers (external cost). CBT plus zero tolerance reduced expected night-time crashes by 22.1% and enhanced media by 13.9%. Booze buses yielded a further 27.4% reduction where implemented. The program and associated crash reduction persisted until at least 2001 (the most recent data available). Estimated societal benefit-cost ratios were 14 for CBT, 19 for CBT plus enhanced media, and 26 for the comprehensive package. Government saved more than it spent on the program, especially with booze buses. Aggressive CBT plus zero alcohol tolerance for youth, media blitzes, and booze buses proved dramatically effective. Together, these four interventions halved late night serious and fatal injury crashes. Sustained effort seems to be critical. Better outcomes may be achieved with staged, increasingly visible and inescapable checkpoints than with an "ideal" initial program. It appears CBT is best implemented in conjunction with broader community-centered efforts to reduce drunk-driving.
机译：本文评估了强制性呼气测试（CBT）的三种方法，其中对所有驾驶员停车进行了测试：（1）同时进行的强化中度轮廓CBT（加上对20岁以下驾驶员的零酒精耐受性，这种方法仍然有效，并且不可避免。在有效性评估中与CBT混合在一起）； （2）CBT加上增强型媒体活动； （3）改用积极可见的豪车，这也简化了酒后驾车的流程，并加强了反对酒后驾车的社区运动。方法1和2在1993年和1995年在整个新西兰（NZ）实施。1996年末，在全国约三分之一的地区增加了Booze公共汽车和社区计划。ARIMA时间序列模型估计了两次事故之间严重和致命伤害事故的影响下午10点和凌晨3点，代理与酒精有关的车祸。效益成本分析评估了投资回报率。从以下四个方面分析了成本节省：社会，政府，酒后驾车者以及酒后驾车者以外的其他人（外部成本）。 CBT加上零容忍度使预期的夜间崩溃减少了22.1％，媒体增强了13.9％。实施后，Booze客车进一步减少了27.4％。该程序和相关的崩溃减少功能一直持续到至少2001年（可用的最新数据）。估计的社会效益成本比对于CBT为14，对于CBT加增强媒体为19，对于综合配套为26。政府节省的资金超过了在该计划上花费的资金，尤其是对于豪华大巴。积极的CBT加上对青年人，媒体闪电战和豪车的零酒精耐受性被证明非常有效。这四种干预措施将深夜严重致命伤害事故减半。持续的努力似乎至关重要。与“理想的”初始计划相比，分阶段，越来越明显和无法避免的检查点可以实现更好的结果。似乎最好将CBT与以社区为中心的减少酒后驾车的广泛努力结合起来实施。

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