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The effects of standard enforcement on Michigan safety belt use

机译：标准执行对密歇根州安全带使用的影响

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The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of standard enforcement legislation on safety belt use in Michigan through a series of seven statewide direct observation surveys. A secondary purpose of the study was to compare the results in Michigan to the results in other states that have changed the provision of their mandatory safety belt use law from secondary to standard enforcement. The study found that standard enforcement has been effective in increasing safety belt use in Michigan. Immediately following the implementation of standard enforcement, Michigan's belt use rate increased to 83.5%, 13.4 percentage points higher than the highest rate previously observed. One year after the change, safety belt use in Michigan was still nearly 10 percentage points greater than the highest observed rate before standard enforcement legislation was enacted. Results indicated that safety belt use decreased slightly in the year following the implementation of standard enforcement. This appears to be an overall trend across all observed groups, and not due to any single demographic category. The results also suggest that standard enforcement legislation appears to have a greater effect on groups with historically low belt use, such as young people, males, passengers, and Black/African -Americans. When compared with other states that have made the change from secondary to standard enforcement, the increase in the safety belt use rate in Michigan was comparable to the increase seen in states with relatively high safety belt use prior to standard enforcement. However, states that had low safety belt use rates prior to adopting standard enforcement legislation observed a larger percentage point increase in the year following their change to standard enforcement.
机译：这项研究的目的是通过一系列七个全州范围的直接观察调查来评估密歇根州安全带使用标准执行法律的影响。该研究的第二个目的是将密歇根州的结果与其他州的强制性安全带使用法的规定从二级强制改为标准强制执行的结果进行比较。研究发现，标准执法在增加密歇根州安全带使用方面是有效的。实施标准强制措施后，密歇根州的安全带使用率立即提高到83.5％，比先前观察到的最高使用率高13.4个百分点。变更发生一年后，密歇根州的安全带使用率仍比标准实施法规颁布之前的最高观察值高出近10个百分点。结果表明，在执行标准强制措施后的一年中，安全带的使用量略有下降。这似乎是所有观察到的人群的总体趋势，而不是由于任何单一的人口统计类别。结果还表明，标准执法法规似乎对使用安全带的历史悠久的人群（例如年轻人，男性，乘客和黑人/非洲裔美国人）产生更大的影响。与其他已从二级强制执行改为标准强制执行的州相比，密歇根州安全带使用率的增加与标准强制执行前安全带使用率相对较高的州的增加可比。但是，在通过标准强制实施法律之前安全带使用率较低的州，在其更改为标准强制执行后的一年中观察到了较大的百分比增长。

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