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A Survey of End-System Optimizations for High-Speed Networks

机译：高速网络的终端系统优化概述

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摘要

The gap is widening between the processor clock speed of end-system architectures and network throughput capabilities. It is now physically possible to provide single-flow throughput of speeds up to 100 Gbps, and 400 Gbps will soon be possible. Most current research into high-speed data networking focuses on managing expanding network capabilities within datacenter Local Area Networks (LANs) or efficiently multiplexing millions of relatively small flows through aWide Area Network (WAN). However, datacenter hyperconvergence places high-throughput networking workloads on general-purpose hardware, and distributed High-Performance Computing (HPC) applications require time-sensitive, high-throughput end-to-end flows (also referred to as "elephant flows") to occur over WANs. For these applications, the bottleneck is often the end-system and not the intervening network. Since the problem of the end-system bottleneck was uncovered, many techniques have been developed which address this mismatch with varying degrees of effectiveness. In this survey, we describe the most promising techniques, beginning with network architectures and NIC design, continuing with operating and end-system architectures, and concluding with clean-slate protocol design.
机译：最终系统架构的处理器时钟速度与网络吞吐能力之间的差距正在拉大。现在，从物理上讲，可以提供最高100 Gbps的单流吞吐量，并且不久将有可能实现400 Gbps。当前对高速数据网络的最新研究集中于管理数据中心局域网（LAN）中扩展的网络功能，或通过广域网（WAN）有效地复用数百万个相对较小的流。但是，数据中心超融合将高吞吐量的网络工作负载放置在通用硬件上，而分布式高性能计算（HPC）应用程序需要时间敏感的高吞吐量的端到端流（也称为“象素流”）通过WAN发生。对于这些应用程序，瓶颈通常是终端系统，而不是中间网络。由于发现了最终系统瓶颈的问题，因此已经开发出许多技术，以不同程度的有效性解决这种不匹配问题。在本次调查中，我们描述了最有前途的技术，从网络体系结构和NIC设计开始，再到操作系统和终端系统体系结构，最后是纯协议设计。

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