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Evaluating and Understanding the Usability of a Pen-Based Command System for Interactive Paper

机译：评估和理解基于笔的交互式论文指挥系统的可用性

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摘要

To combine the affordances of paper and computers, prior research has proposed numerous interactive paper systems that link specific paper document content to digital operations such as multimedia playback and proofreading. Yet, it remains unclear to what degree these systems bridge the inherent gap between paper and computers when compared to existing paper-only and computer-only interfaces. In particular, given the special properties of paper, such as limited dynamic feedback, how well does an average new user learn to master the interactive paper system? What factors affect the user performance? And how does the paper interface work in a typical use scenario? To answer these questions, we conducted two empirical experiments on a generic pen-gesture-based command system, called PapierCraft [Liao et al. 2008], for paper-based interfaces. With it, people can select sections of printed document and issue commands such as copy and paste, linking and in-text search. The first experiment focused on the user performance of drawing pen gestures on paper. It proves that users can learn the command system in about 30 minutes and achieve a performance comparable to a table PC-based interface supporting the same gestures. The second experiment examined the application of the command system in active reading tasks. The results show promise for seamless integration of paper and computers in active reading for their combined affordances. In addition, our study identifies some key design issues, such as the pen form factor and feedback of gestures. This article contributes to better understanding on pros and cons of paper and computers, and sheds light on the design of future interfaces for document interaction.
机译：为了将纸张和计算机的功能结合起来，先前的研究提出了许多交互式纸张系统，这些系统将特定的纸张文档内容链接到数字操作，例如多媒体播放和校对。然而，与现有的仅纸张和仅计算机界面相比，这些系统在多大程度上弥合了纸张和计算机之间的固有差距仍不清楚。尤其是，鉴于纸张的特殊属性（例如有限的动态反馈），普通新用户对交互式纸张系统的掌握程度如何？哪些因素影响用户性能？纸界面在典型的使用场景中如何工作？为了回答这些问题，我们在名为PapierCraft的基于笔的通用命令系统上进行了两个实验研究[Liao等。 2008]，用于基于纸张的界面。有了它，人们可以选择打印文档的各个部分并发出命令，例如复制和粘贴，链接和文本搜索。第一个实验的重点是在纸上绘制笔手势的用户性能。实践证明，用户可以在大约30分钟内学习命令系统，并获得与支持相同手势的基于台式PC的界面相当的性能。第二个实验检查了命令系统在主动阅读任务中的应用。结果表明，有希望将纸和计算机无缝地集成到主动阅读中，以实现两者的共同负担。此外，我们的研究还确定了一些关键的设计问题，例如笔的外形尺寸和手势反馈。本文有助于更好地理解纸张和计算机的优缺点，并为将来用于文档交互的界面的设计提供了启示。

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