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首页> 外文期刊>ACM transactions on sensor networks >Designing Green Communication Systems for Smart and Connected Communities via Dynamic Spectrum Access
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Designing Green Communication Systems for Smart and Connected Communities via Dynamic Spectrum Access

机译：通过动态频谱访问为智能和互联社区设计绿色通信系统

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摘要

Smart and connected communities (SCCs) are emerging as a novel paradigm that allows the community residents to be connected with surrounding environments through smart technologies. However, there remain important challenges to fully exploit the potential of SCCs in improving societal well-being and prosperity. In particular, there is a need for designing green communication systems that are also capable of providing high quality of service (QoS) to distribute and collect information to and from SCCs. However, simultaneously satisfying both of these criteria is difficult due to varying demands posed by heterogeneous sensing modalities, lack of dedicated infrastructure in rural/sub-urban areas, and certain sustainability constraints. While low-power short-range technologies often fail to achieve high QoS, using 3G or 40 technologies (LTE, LTEA, GSM) for SCCs will eventually face spectrum scarcity and cross technology interference. In recent times, Dynamic spectrum access (DSA) has been proposed as a solution to overcome policy constraints and improve spectrum scarcity by spectrum sharing. In this article, we show that harnessing DSA in the context of SCCs can also achieve notable benefits in terms of energy efficiency and sustainability. Specifically, we propose a novel architecture for designing sustainable SCCs using a small-scale DSA-enabled overlay network that improves end-to-end energy efficiency of the network while guaranteeing QoS. We also propose a dynamic spectrum band selection approach that intelligently matches any message requirement to a suitable band type by exploiting distinct electro-magnetic characteristics of various bands. Since data generated in SCCs are typically valuable only when delivered within a certain hard (or soft) deadline, we formulate a linear optimization problem for determining the most energy-efficient path that ensures a delivery time within the hard deadline. After proving that such a problem is NP-Hard, we propose an exact pseudo-polynomial time dynamic programming algorithm to solve it followed by a polynomial time greedy heuristic. Additionally, we formulate a non-linear optimization problem to find the optimal path when the message delivery time is defined as a soft deadline and extend our greedy heuristic to handle soft deadlines. Compared to the homogeneous band access approaches that opportunistically access free channels within a given spectrum band, our extensive simulation study shows that the proposed dynamic multi-band selection approach significantly improves the achievable energy efficiency while meeting various hard and soft deadlines.
机译：智能和互联社区（SCC）逐渐成为一种新颖的范例，可以使社区居民通过智能技术与周围环境建立联系。但是，要充分利用SCC在改善社会福祉和繁荣方面的潜力，仍然存在重大挑战。特别地，需要设计绿色通信系统，其也能够提供高质量的服务（QoS）以向SCC分配信息并从SCC收集信息。但是，由于异构传感方式的需求变化，农村/郊区的专用基础设施缺乏以及某些可持续性限制，很难同时满足这两个标准。尽管低功率短程技术通常无法实现高QoS，但是将3G或40种技术（LTE，LTEA，GSM）用于SCC最终将面临频谱稀缺和技术交叉干扰。近年来，动态频谱访问（DSA）已被提出作为克服策略约束并通过频谱共享改善频谱稀缺性的解决方案。在本文中，我们表明，在SCC中利用DSA还可在能源效率和可持续性方面获得显着的收益。具体而言，我们提出了一种新颖的体系结构，用于使用支持DSA的小型覆盖网络设计可持续的SCC，该体系结构可在保证QoS的同时提高网络的端到端能效。我们还提出了一种动态频谱频带选择方法，该方法通过利用各种频带的独特电磁特性，将任何消息需求智能地匹配到合适的频带类型。由于SCC中生成的数据通常仅在特定的硬性（或软性）期限内交付时才有价值，因此我们制定了线性优化问题，以确定最节能的路径，以确保在硬性期限内交付时间。在证明了这个问题是NP-Hard之后，我们提出了一种精确的伪多项式时间动态规划算法来解决它，然后提出多项式时间贪婪启发式算法。此外，当消息传递时间定义为软期限时，我们制定了非线性优化问题以找到最佳路径，并扩展了贪婪启发式方法以处理软期限。与在给定频段内机会性访问免费频道的同质频段访问方法相比，我们广泛的仿真研究表明，提出的动态多频段选择方法可显着提高可实现的能源效率，同时满足各种硬性和软性期限。

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