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OPCIO: Optimizing Power Consumption for Embedded Devices via GPIO Configuration

机译：OPCIO：通过GPIO配置优化嵌入式设备的功耗

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摘要

Battery lifetime is one of the main challenges that impedes the deployment of energy-constrained wireless networks, such as unattended Internet-of-Things (IoT) systems. To prolong battery lifetime, the duty-cycle mode is utilized in many IoT systems, especially in environment monitoring Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) and Low-Power Wide-Area Networks (LPWAN). In duty-cycle mode, devices transmit packets during the active phase, which lasts for a short time, and sleeps the rest of the time. Prior research mainly focuses on energy efficiency in the active phase; energy consumption during the sleep phase, however, is always ignored, as it is assumed to have little margin to be optimized. In this work, we reveal that sleep phase can become a significant battery consumer due to the misconfiguration of General-Purpose Input/Output (GPIO) pins of micro-controllers. We propose OPCIO, which incorporates a genetic algorithm to obtain energy-efficient GPIO configurations automatically to squeeze the energy waste during the sleep phase. We prototype OPCIO on off-the-shelf devices and evaluate it on two ARM devices. Experiment results show that OPCIO can effectively find multiple low-power configurations that prolong the lifespans up to 10x.
机译：电池寿命是阻碍能量受限无线网络部署的主要挑战之一，例如无人值守的内容（IOT）系统。为了延长电池寿命，占空比模式在许多IOT系统中使用，特别是在环境监测无线传感器网络（WSN）和低功率广域网（LPWAN）中。在占空比模式下，设备在活动阶段期间发送数据包，持续时间短，并休息其余时间。现有研究主要侧重于活跃阶段的能效;然而，睡眠阶段的能量消耗总是被忽略，因为假设要优化余地很小。在这项工作中，由于微量控制器的通用输入/输出（GPIO）引脚的错误配置，我们揭示了睡眠阶段可以成为一个显着的电池消耗因素。我们提出了OPCIO，该OPCIO包含遗传算法，以自动获得节能GPIO配置，以在睡眠相位期间挤压能量浪费。我们在现成的设备上原型OPCIO，并在两个臂上进行评估。实验结果表明，OPCIO可以有效地找到多种低功耗配置，该配置延长了10倍的寿命。

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