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How Learning Affects the Evolution of Strong Reciprocity

机译：学习如何影响强互惠的进化

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Experiments show that humans cooperate with non-kin, including people they will never meet again, and punish non-cooperators at personal cost. This is called strong reciprocity. It has recently been suggested, based on evolutionary simulations of an agent-based model inspired by the ultimatum game, that strong reciprocity may arise from individual selection. Ontogenic adaptations were introduced to the model to see how phenotypic plasticity affects the evolution of strong reciprocity. The influence of plasticity is explored by varying the way in which agents adapt. Simulations show that plasticity during an agent's lifetime changes the path of evolution toward interesting behaviors that better approach those observed in humans. As plasticity is increased, the average offers and acceptance threshold also increase.
机译：实验表明，人类与非亲戚合作，包括他们再也见不到的人，并以个人代价惩罚非合作者。这被称为强互惠。最近，根据基于最后通game博弈启发的基于主体的模型的进化模拟，有人提出，强烈的互惠性可能源于个人的选择。将本体适应性引入模型中，以查看表型可塑性如何影响强互惠性的演变。通过改变代理适应的方式来探索可塑性的影响。模拟表明，代理生命周期中的可塑性改变了进化为有趣行为的途径，从而更好地接近了人类所观察到的行为。随着可塑性的提高，平均报价和接受阈值也会增加。

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