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Language Acquisition and Evolution

机译:语言习得与进化

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摘要

Language is often regarded as the hallmark for human intelligence. So, what design features make humans' linguistic behavior so special? First, human language is largely symbolic, which means that the communicative signals have either an arbitrary relationship to their meaning or reference, or this relationship is conventionalized (Peirce, 1931-58). As a result, the relationship between signal and reference must be learnt. Second, the number of words that make up a typical language is extremely large. There have been estimates that humans by the age of 18 have acquired approximately 60,000 words (Anglin, 1993). Third, the human vocal apparatus and auditory system allow us to produce and distinguish many different sounds, which we can combine in a controlled fashion to make even more distinctive vocalizations. Fourth, human language is an open system, so we can easily invent new words and communicate about previously unseen objects or events, thus allowing for language to grow and change. Finally, language has a complex grammar, which allows us to combine words in a different order and inflect words to give utterances different meanings. In effect, this allows humans to produce an infinite number of utterances given a finite number of means (Chomsky, 1956).
机译:语言通常被认为是人类智慧的标志。那么,哪些设计特征使人类的语言行为如此特别?首先,人类语言在很大程度上是象征性的,这意味着交流信号与其含义或参照有任意关系,或者这种关系是常规的(Peirce,1931-58)。结果,必须学习信号与参考之间的关系。其次,构成一种典型语言的单词数量非常多。据估计,到18岁,人类已经获得了大约60,000个单词(Anglin,1993)。第三,人类的发声设备和听觉系统使我们能够产生和区分许多不同的声音,我们可以将它们以受控的方式进行组合,以进行更加独特的发声。第四,人类语言是一个开放系统,因此我们可以轻松地发明新词并就以前看不见的对象或事件进行交流,从而使语言得以发展和改变。最后,语言具有复杂的语法,这使我们能够以不同的顺序组合单词并使单词变形以赋予发音不同的含义。实际上,这给了人类以有限数量的手段产生无限数量的话语的能力(Chomsky,1956)。

著录项

  • 来源
    《Adaptive Behavior》 |2005年第4期|p.265-268|共4页
  • 作者

    Paul Vogt;

  • 作者单位

    Language Evolution and Computation, University of Edinburgh;

  • 收录信息
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 生物科学;
  • 关键词

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