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Evolution of Speech and Its Acquisition

机译：言语的演变及其习得

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Much is known about the evolution of speech. Fossil evidence points to modern adaptations for speech appearing between 1.5 million and 500,000 years ago. Studies of vocal behavior in apes show the ability to use combinatorial vocalizations in some species (but not chimpanzees) and some cultural influence on vocalizations, but little ability for vocal imitation. For modern speech, the comparison of many languages shows that speech can become extremely complex, but that it can also be astonishingly simple. Finally, the way in which infants acquire speech is becoming increasingly clear. We therefore know about the starting point of the evolution of speech, its end point and some steps in between. Much less is known about the exact scenario and the dynamics of the evolution of the acquisition of speech. As it involves co-evolution between culturally transmitted sounds and genetic evolution, the dynamics are complex. Computer models are therefore ideal for studying these dynamics. This paper presents a computer model of the co-evolution between a repertoire of speech sounds and a population of learners that can either represent a lexicon holistically or combinatorially. It shows that cultural influences can change the dynamics of the transition between a population of holistic and combinatorial learners.
机译：人们对言语的演变了解很多。化石的证据表明，现代的语音适应技术出现在150万到500,000年前之间。对猿的发声行为的研究表明，在某些物种（而非黑猩猩）中使用组合发声的能力以及对发声的某些文化影响，但对发声的模仿能力却很小。对于现代语音，对多种语言的比较表明，语音可以变得极其复杂，但也可以极其简单。最后，婴儿获得语音的方式越来越清晰。因此，我们知道语音发展的起点，终点以及两者之间的一些步骤。人们对语音获取的确切场景和动态变化知之甚少。由于它涉及文化传播的声音和遗传进化之间的共同进化，因此动力学很复杂。因此，计算机模型是研究这些动力学的理想选择。本文介绍了语音库和学习者群体之间共同进化的计算机模型，可以整体或组合地代表词典。它表明，文化影响可以改变整体学习者和组合学习者之间的过渡动​​力。

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