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Revealing and Elucidating ALD-Derived Control of Lithium Plating Microstructure

机译:揭示和阐明锂电镀微观结构的ALD衍生控制

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摘要

The practical implementation of Li metal batteries is hindered by difficulties in controlling the Li metal plating microstructure. While previous atomic layer deposition (ALD) studies have focused on directly coating Li metal with thin films for the passivation of the electrode-electrolyte interface, a different approach is adopted, situating the ALD film beneath Li metal and directly on the copper current collector. A mechanistic explanation for this simple strategy of controlling the Li metal plating microstructure using TiO(2)grown on copper foil by ALD is presented. In contrast to previous studies where ALD-grown layers act as artificial interphases, this TiO(2)layer resides at the copper-Li metal interface, acting as a nucleation layer to improve the Li metal plating morphology. Upon lithiation of TiO2, a Li(x)TiO(2)complex forms; this alloy provides a lithiophilic surface layer that enables uniform and reversible Li plating. The reversibility of lithium deposition is evident from the champion cell (5 nm TiO2), which displays an average Coulombic efficiency (CE) of 96% after 150 cycles at a moderate current density of 1 mA cm(-2). This simple approach provides the first account of the mechanism of ALD-derived Li nucleation control and suggests new possibilities for future ALD-synthesized nucleation layers.
机译:通过控制Li金属电镀微结构的困难阻碍了Li金属电池的实际实施。虽然先前的原子层沉积(ALD)研究集中于直接涂覆Li金属与用于钝化电极 - 电解质界面的薄膜,但采用了不同的方法,将锂金属下方的ALD薄膜和直接放在铜集电器上。提出了使用ALD在铜箔上生长的TiO(2)控制Li金属电镀微观结构的这种简单策略的机械解释。与先前的研究相反,其中Ald生长层用作人工间差异,该TiO(2)层位于铜 - Li金属界面处,作用为核细分层以改善Li金属电镀形态。在TiO 2的锂化后,Li(x)TiO(2)复杂形式;该合金提供了一种锂化学表面层,可实现均匀和可逆的锂电镀。锂沉积的可逆性从冠芯(5nm TiO 2)中明显明显,其在150次循环以1mA cm(-2)的中等电流密度下显示出96%的平均库仑效率(Ce)。这种简单的方法提供了ALD衍生的Li成核控制机制的第一个叙述,并为未来的ALD合成的成核层表达了新的可能性。

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