The Electronic Structure of MAPI-Based Perovskite Solar Cells: Detailed Band Diagram Determination by Photoemission Spectroscopy Comparing Classical and Inverted Device Stacks

Hellmann Tim; Das Chittaranjan; Abzieher Tobias; Schwenzer Jonas A.; Wussler Michael; Dachauer Ralph; Paetzold Ulrich W.; Jaegermann Wolfram; Mayer Thomas

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The Electronic Structure of MAPI-Based Perovskite Solar Cells: Detailed Band Diagram Determination by Photoemission Spectroscopy Comparing Classical and Inverted Device Stacks

机译：基于MAPI的PEROVSKITE太阳能电池的电子结构：光射光谱比较经典和倒置设备堆栈的详细频带图测定

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High power conversion efficiency (PCE) perovskite solar cells (PSCs) rely on optimal alignment of the energy bands between the perovskite absorber and the adjacent charge extraction layers. However, since most of the materials and devices of high performance are prepared by solution-based techniques, a deposition of films with thicknesses of a few nanometers and therefore a detailed analysis of surface and interface properties remains difficult. To identify the respective photoactive interfaces, photoelectron spectroscopy measurements are performed on device stacks of methylammonium-lead-iodide (MAPI)-based PSCs in classical and inverted architectures in the dark and under illumination at open-circuit conditions. The analysis shows that vacuum-deposited MAPI perovskite absorber layers are n-type, independent of the architecture and of the charge transport layer that it is deposited on (n-type SnO(2)or p-type NiOx). It is found that the majority of the photovoltage is formed at the n-MAPI/p-HEL (hole extraction layer) junction for both architectures, highlighting the importance of this interface for further improvement of the photovoltage and therefore also the PCE. Finally, an experimentally derived band diagram of the completed devices for the dark and the illuminated case is presented.

机译：高功率转换效率（PCE）Perovskite太阳能电池（PSC）依赖于钙钛矿吸收体和相邻电荷提取层之间的能带的最佳对准。然而，由于大多数高性能的材料和装置通过基于溶液的技术制备，因此厚度为几纳米的薄膜沉积，因此对表面和界面性质的详细分析仍然困难。为了识别各自的光活性界面，对甲基 - 铅 - 碘化物（MAPI）的甲基 - 铅 - 碘化物（MAPI）的装置堆叠进行了光电子光谱测量，在暗和在开放式电路条件下的照明中的经典和倒置架构中进行了基于宏观的架构。分析表明，真空沉积的MAPI PEROVSKITE层吸收层是n型，与其沉积在（n型SnO（2）或p型NiOx）上的架构和电荷传输层的N型。发现大部分光电电压形成在架构的N-MAPI / P-HEL（空穴提取层）结处形成，突出了该界面的重要性，以进一步改进光伏，因此也是PCE。最后，介绍了用于暗和照明壳体的完成器件的实验导出的带图。

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《Advanced energy materials》 |2020年第42期|2002129.1-2002129.11|共11页
作者
Hellmann Tim; Das Chittaranjan; Abzieher Tobias; Schwenzer Jonas A.; Wussler Michael; Dachauer Ralph; Paetzold Ulrich W.; Jaegermann Wolfram; Mayer Thomas;
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Tech Univ Darmstadt Mat Sci Dept Surface Sci Grp Alarich Weiss Str 2 D-64287 Darmstadt Germany;

Tech Univ Darmstadt Mat Sci Dept Surface Sci Grp Alarich Weiss Str 2 D-64287 Darmstadt Germany;

Karlsruhe Inst Technol Light Technol Inst Engesserstr 13 D-76131 Karlsruhe Germany;

Karlsruhe Inst Technol Light Technol Inst Engesserstr 13 D-76131 Karlsruhe Germany;

Tech Univ Darmstadt Mat Sci Dept Surface Sci Grp Alarich Weiss Str 2 D-64287 Darmstadt Germany;

Tech Univ Darmstadt Mat Sci Dept Surface Sci Grp Alarich Weiss Str 2 D-64287 Darmstadt Germany;

Karlsruhe Inst Technol Light Technol Inst Engesserstr 13 D-76131 Karlsruhe Germany|Karlsruhe Inst Technol Inst Microstruct Technol Hermann von Helmholtz Pl 1 D-76344 Eggenstein Leopoldshafen Germany;

Tech Univ Darmstadt Mat Sci Dept Surface Sci Grp Alarich Weiss Str 2 D-64287 Darmstadt Germany;

Tech Univ Darmstadt Mat Sci Dept Surface Sci Grp Alarich Weiss Str 2 D-64287 Darmstadt Germany;

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正文语种 eng
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energy band diagrams; perovskite solar cells; photoelectron spectroscopy; surface photovoltage;

机译：能带图;Perovskite太阳能电池;光电子光谱;表面光电图;

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1. Tapered Cross-Section Photoelectron Spectroscopy of State-of-the-Art Mixed Ion Perovskite Solar Cells: Band Bending Profile in the Dark, Photopotential Profile Under Open Circuit Illumination, and Band Diagram [J] . Michael Wussler, Thomas Mayer, Chittaranjan Das, Advanced Functional Materials . 2020,第27期

机译：锥形横截面光电子能谱的最先进的混合离子钙钛矿太阳能电池：在开路照明下的暗，光通型材中的带弯曲曲线和带状图
2. Reconfiguration of interfacial energy band structure for high-performance inverted structure perovskite solar cells [J] . Moyao Zhang, Qi Chen, Rongming Xue, Nature Communications . 2019,第1期

机译：高性能倒结构临床能带结构的重新配置Perovskite太阳能电池
3. Theoretical analysis of band alignment at back junction in Sn-Ge perovskite solar cells with inverted p-i-n structure [J] . Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells: An International Journal Devoted to Photovoltaic, Photothermal, and Photochemical Solar Energy Conversion . 2020,第期

机译：倒置P-IN结构中Sn-Ge Perovskite太阳能电池响应带对准的理论分析
4. Photo-induced Time Resolved Spectroscopy for the Determination of Carrier Density, Charge Recombination and Efficiency Losses in Perovskite solar cells. [C] . Emilio Palomares European Optical Society annual meeting . 2016

机译：光致时间分辨光谱法用于确定钙钛矿太阳能电池的载流子密度，电荷复合和效率损失。
5. Fundamental studies of charge transport for optoelectronic processes: Nano-structure electrodes for perovskite solar cells and electrochromic devices [D] . Jiang, Qinglong 2015

机译：光电过程中电荷传输的基础研究：钙钛矿太阳能电池和电致变色器件的纳米结构电极
6. Reconfiguration of interfacial energy band structure for high-performance inverted structure perovskite solar cells [O] . Moyao Zhang, Qi Chen, Rongming Xue, -1

机译：高性能倒置结构钙钛矿太阳能电池界面能带结构的重构
7. Angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy of perovskite-type transition-metal oxides and their analyses using tight-binding band structure [O] . Wadati, H., Yoshida, T., Chikamatsu, A., 2006

机译：钙钛矿型角分辨光电子能谱过渡金属氧化物及其分析使用紧束带结构

The Electronic Structure of MAPI-Based Perovskite Solar Cells: Detailed Band Diagram Determination by Photoemission Spectroscopy Comparing Classical and Inverted Device Stacks

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