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Self-Supported Electrocatalysts for Practical Water Electrolysis

机译：用于实际水电解的自支撑电催化剂

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摘要

Over the years, significant advances have been made to boost the efficiency of water splitting by carefully designing economic electrocatalysts with augmented conductivity, more accessible active sites, and high intrinsic activity in laboratory test conditions. However, it remains a challenge to develop earth-abundant catalysts that can satisfy the demands of practical water electrolysis, that is, outstanding all-pH electrolyte capacity, direct seawater splitting ability, exceptional performance for overall water splitting, superior large-current-density activity, and robust long-term durability. In this context, considering the features of increased active species loading, rapid charge, and mass transfer, a strong affinity between catalytic components and substrates, easily-controlled wettability, as well as, enhanced bifunctional performance, the self-supported electrocatalysts are presently projected to be the most suitable contenders for practical massive scale hydrogen generation. In this review, a comprehensive introduction to the design and fabrication of self-supported electrocatalysts with an emphasis on the design of deposited nanostructured catalysts, the selection of self-supported substrates, and various fabrication methods are provided. Thereafter, the recent development of promising self-supported electrocatalysts for practical applications is reviewed from the aforementioned aspects. Finally, a brief conclusion is delivered and the challenges and perspectives relating to promotion of self-supported electrocatalysts for sustainable large-scale production of hydrogen are discussed.
机译：多年来，通过仔细设计经济电催化剂，通过在实验室试验条件下仔细设计经济电催化剂，通过仔细设计经济电催化剂，提高水分分裂效率。然而，开发易于满足实际水电解的需求的地面丰富催化剂仍有挑战，即出色的全pH电解能力，直接海水分裂能力，卓越的整体水分裂性能，卓越的大电流密度活动，强大的长期耐用性。在这种情况下，考虑到增加活性物种负载，快速充电和传质的特征，目前预计了自支撑电催化剂的催化组分和底物，易受控制的润湿性，以及增强的双功能性能之间的强关系。成为实际大规模氢气产生的最合适的竞争者。在该综述中，提供了对自支撑电催化剂的设计和制造的综合介绍，其重点是沉积的纳米结构催化剂的设计，选择自支撑底物的选择和各种制造方法。此后，从上述方面审查了最近对实际应用有前途的自支持电催化剂的发展。最后，讨论了简要的结论，讨论了与促进用于可持续大规模生产氢气的自支持电催化剂的挑战和观点。

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