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High-Energy Aqueous Lithium Batteries

机译：高能锂电池

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Owing to the high voltage of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), the dominating electrolyte is non-aqueous. The idea of an aqueous rechargeable lithium battery (ARLB) dates back to 1994, but it had attracted little attention due to the narrow stable potential window of aqueous electrolytes, which results in low energy density. However, aqueous electrolytes were employed during the 2000s for the fundamental studies of electrode materials in the absence of side reactions such as the decomposition of organic species. The high solubility of lithium bis(trifluoromethane sulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI) in water has introduced new opportunities for high-voltage ARLBs. Nonetheless, these ideas are somehow overshadowed by the common perception about the essential limitation of the aqueous electrolyte. The electrochemical behaviour of conventional electrode materials can be substantially tuned in the water-in-salt electrolytes. The latest idea of utilising a graphite anode in the aqueous water-in-salt electrolytes has paved the way towards not only 4-V ARLB but also a new generation of Li-S batteries with a higher operating voltage and energy efficiency. Furthermore, aqueous electrolytes can provide a cathodically stable environment for Li-O-2 batteries. The present paper aims to highlight these emerging opportunities possibly leading to a new generation of LIBs, which can be substantially cheaper and safer.
机译：由于锂离子电池（LIB）的高电压，主要的电解质是非水的。水性可再充电锂电池（ARLB）的概念可以追溯到1994年，但由于水性电解质的稳定势能范围窄，导致能量密度低，因此一直未引起人们的关注。然而，在2000年代，水性电解质被用于电极材料的基础研究，而没有副反应如有机物质的分解。双（三氟甲烷磺酰基）酰亚胺锂（LiTFSI）在水中的高溶解度为高压ARLB带来了新的机遇。然而，这些想法在某种程度上被关于水电解质的基本局限性的普遍认识所掩盖。常规电极材料的电化学行为可以在盐包水型电解质中进行基本调整。在盐水溶液中使用石墨阳极的最新想法不仅为4-V ARLB铺平了道路，而且为具有更高工作电压和能效的新一代Li-S电池铺平了道路。此外，水性电解质可以为Li-O-2电池提供阴极稳定的环境。本文旨在重点介绍这些可能导致新一代LIB的新兴机会，这些LIB可能更便宜，更安全。

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