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Hierarchical Carbide-Derived Carbon Foams with Advanced Mesostructure as a Versatile Electrochemical Energy-Storage Material

机译:具有高级介观结构的分层硬质合金衍生的碳泡沫,是一种多功能的电化学储能材料

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Highly porous carbide-derived carbon (CDC) mesofoams (DUT-70) are prepared by nanocasting of mesocellular silica foams with a polycarbosilane precursor. Ceramic conversion followed by silica removal and high-temperature chlorine treatment yields CDCs with a hierarchical micro-mesopore arrangement. This new type of polymer-based CDC is characterized by specific surface areas as high as 2700 m2 g−1, coupled withultrahigh micro- and mesopore volumes up to 2.6 cm3 g−1. The relationship between synthesis conditions and the properties of the resulting carbon materials is described in detail, allowing precise control of the properties of DUT-70. Since the hierarchical pore system ensures both efficient mass transfer and high capacities, the novel CDC shows outstanding performance as an electrode material in electrochemical double-layer capacitors (EDLCs) with specific capacities above 240 F g−1 when measured in a symmetrical two-electrode configuration. Remarkable capacities of 175 F g−1 can be retained even at high current densities of 20 A g−1 as a result of the enhanced ion-transport pathways provided by the cellular mesostructure. Moreover, DUT-70 can be infiltrated with sulfur and host the active material in lithium–sulfur battery cathodes. Reversible capacities of 790 mAh g−1 are achieved at a current rate of C/10 after 100 cycles, which renders DUT-70 an ideal support material for electrochemical energy-storage applications.
机译:高度多孔的碳化物衍生的碳(CDC)中泡沫(DUT-70)是通过将中孔二氧化硅泡沫与聚碳硅烷前体进行纳米浇铸而制备的。进行陶瓷转化,然后去除二氧化硅并进行高温氯处理,得到具有分级微孔结构的CDC。这种新型的基于聚合物的CDC的特征是比表面积高达2700 m2 g-1,再加上超高的微孔和中孔体积,最大可达2.6 cm3 g-1。详细描述了合成条件与所得碳材料的性能之间的关系,从而可以精确控制DUT-70的性能。由于分层孔隙系统既确保了有效的传质又确保了高容量,因此新型CDC在对称双电极中进行测量时,其比容量大于240 F g-1的电化学双层电容器(EDLC)表现出出色的电极材料性能组态。由于细胞介观结构提供了增强的离子传输途径,即使在20 A g-1的高电流密度下也可以保持175 F g-1的显着容量。此外,DUT-70可以渗入硫,并在锂硫电池正极中容纳活性物质。 100次循环后,以C / 10的电流速率可获得790 mAh g-1的可逆容量,这使DUT-70成为电化学储能应用的理想支撑材料。

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