The Origin of Electrochemical Actuation of MnO_2/Ni Bilayer Film Derived by Redox Pseudocapacitive Process

Liu Lingyang; Su Lijun; Lu Yulan; Zhang Qingnuan; Zhang Li; Lei Shulai; Shi Siqi; Levi Mikhael D.; Yan Xingbin

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The Origin of Electrochemical Actuation of MnO_2/Ni Bilayer Film Derived by Redox Pseudocapacitive Process

机译：氧化还原伪电容法产生的MnO_2 / Ni双层薄膜的电化学驱动起源

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Pseudocapacitance-induced electrochemical actuators (EC-actuators) have attracted great attention in robots and artificial intelligence technologies. Despite major efforts to design such EC-actuators, a molecular-level understanding of the deformation mechanism is still lacking. Here, a reversible deformation of a freestanding MnO2/Ni bilayer film is demonstrated and in situ electrochemical atomic force microscopy, in situ Raman spectroscopy, and density functional theory simulation are used to study the origin of the deformation. The results show that the electrochemical actuation of the MnO2/Ni film is highly related with the redox pseudocapacitive behavior of MnO2 layer. Valence state variation of Mn element, shortening and lengthening of MnO bond, and insertion and extraction of Na+ ions, which all result from the redox pseudocapacitance of MnO2 during charging and discharging, eventually lead to the reversible contraction and expansion of MnO2 morphology. Such action counters with the nonactive Ni layer, finally inducing the reversible deformation of the MnO2/Ni bilayer film. It is believed that the study can provide useful guidance to design better EC-actuators in the future.

机译：伪电容诱导的电化学致动器（EC致动器）在机器人和人工智能技术中引起了极大的关注。尽管在设计此类EC执行器方面做出了巨大努力，但仍缺乏对变形机理的分子水平的了解。在此，展示了独立式MnO2 / Ni双层薄膜的可逆变形，并使用原位电化学原子力显微镜，原位拉曼光谱和密度泛函理论模拟来研究变形的起源。结果表明，MnO2 / Ni膜的电化学驱动与MnO2层的氧化还原拟电容行为密切相关。 Mn元素的价态变化，MnO键的缩短和延长以及Na +离子的插入和提取都是由于MnO2在充电和放电过程中的氧化还原伪电容而导致的，最终导致MnO2形态的可逆收缩和膨胀。这种作用与非活性Ni层相反，最终引起MnO2 / Ni双层膜的可逆变形。相信这项研究可以为将来设计更好的EC执行器提供有用的指导。

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来源
《Advanced Functional Materials》 |2019年第8期|1806778.1-1806778.12|共12页
作者
Liu Lingyang; Su Lijun; Lu Yulan; Zhang Qingnuan; Zhang Li; Lei Shulai; Shi Siqi; Levi Mikhael D.; Yan Xingbin;
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Chinese Acad Sci, Lab Clean Energy Chem & Mat, State Key Lab Solid Lubricat, Lanzhou Inst Chem Phys, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, Peoples R China|Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Ctr Mat Sci & Optoelect Engn, Beijing 100080, Peoples R China;

Chinese Acad Sci, Lab Clean Energy Chem & Mat, State Key Lab Solid Lubricat, Lanzhou Inst Chem Phys, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, Peoples R China|Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Ctr Mat Sci & Optoelect Engn, Beijing 100080, Peoples R China;

Chinese Acad Sci, Lab Clean Energy Chem & Mat, State Key Lab Solid Lubricat, Lanzhou Inst Chem Phys, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, Peoples R China|Lanzhou Univ, Sch Phys Sci & Technol, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, Peoples R China;

Chinese Acad Sci, Lab Clean Energy Chem & Mat, State Key Lab Solid Lubricat, Lanzhou Inst Chem Phys, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, Peoples R China;

Chinese Acad Sci, Lab Clean Energy Chem & Mat, State Key Lab Solid Lubricat, Lanzhou Inst Chem Phys, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, Peoples R China|Lanzhou Univ Technol, Dept Phys, Sch Sci, Lanzhou 730050, Gansu, Peoples R China;

Chinese Acad Sci, Lab Clean Energy Chem & Mat, State Key Lab Solid Lubricat, Lanzhou Inst Chem Phys, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, Peoples R China;

Shanghai Univ, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Shanghai 200444, Peoples R China;

Bar Ilan Univ, Dept Chem, IL-52900 Ramat Gan, Israel;

Chinese Acad Sci, Lab Clean Energy Chem & Mat, State Key Lab Solid Lubricat, Lanzhou Inst Chem Phys, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, Peoples R China|Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Ctr Mat Sci & Optoelect Engn, Beijing 100080, Peoples R China|Chinese Acad Sci, Dalian Inst Chem Phys, Dalian Natl Lab Clean Energy, Dalian 116000, Peoples R China;

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electrochemical actuation; in situ atomic force microscopy; in situ Raman spectroscopy; MnO2; redox pseudocapacitance;

机译：电化学驱动;原位原子力显微镜;原位拉曼光谱;MnO2;氧化还原假电容;

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The Origin of Electrochemical Actuation of MnO_2/Ni Bilayer Film Derived by Redox Pseudocapacitive Process

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