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From Arteries to Capillaries: Approaches to Engineering Human Vasculature

机译:从毛细血管的动脉:工程人类血管系统的方法

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摘要

From microscaled capillaries to millimeter-sized vessels, human vasculature spans multiple scales and cell types. The convergence of bioengineering, materials science, and stem cell biology has enabled tissue engineers to recreate the structure and function of different hierarchical levels of the vascular tree. Engineering large-scale vessels aims to replace damaged arteries, arterioles, and venules and their routine application in the clinic may become a reality in the near future. Strategies to engineer meso- and microvasculature are extensively explored to generate models for studying vascular biology, drug transport, and disease progression as well as for vascularizing engineered tissues for regenerative medicine. However, bioengineering tissues for transplantation has failed to result in clinical translation due to the lack of proper integrated vasculature for effective oxygen and nutrient delivery. The development of strategies to generate multiscale vascular networks and their direct anastomosis to host vasculature would greatly benefit this formidable goal. In this review, design considerations and technologies for engineering millimeter-, meso-, and microscale vessels are discussed. Examples of recent state-of-the-art strategies to engineer multiscale vasculature are also provided. Finally, key challenges limiting the translation of vascularized tissues are identified and perspectives on future directions for exploration are presented.
机译:从微观毛细管到毫米大小的血管,人类脉管系统跨越多个秤和细胞类型。生物工程,材料科学和干细胞生物学的收敛使组织工程能够重新创建血管树不同层次水平的结构和功能。工程大规模血管旨在取代受损的动脉,动脉瘤和Visules,并且在诊所的常规应用可能成为不久的将来的现实。广泛探索工程师和微血管系统的策略,以生成用于研究血管生物学,药物运输和疾病进展的模型以及用于再生医学的血管化工程组织。然而,由于缺乏适当的血管系统,用于移植的生物工程组织未能导致临床翻译,因为缺乏适当的血管系统,用于有效氧气和营养递送。产生多尺度血管网络的策略以及他们对宿主血管系统的直接吻合将极大地使这种强大目标受益匪浅。在本次审查中,讨论了工程毫米,中部和微观船舶的设计考虑和技术。还提供了最近最先进的策略对工程师多尺度脉管系统的例子。最后,确定了限制血管化组织翻译的关键挑战,并介绍了未来勘探方向的观点。

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