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Engineering of Self-PropelIing Microbots and Microdevices Powered by Magnetic and Electric Fields

机译：由磁场和电场驱动的自行式微型机器人和微型设备的工程设计

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In the last two decades, advances in micro- and nanofabrication have enabled the development of a wide variety of active or self-propelling microparticles, which convert energy from their environment into directed motion. While these autonomous entities have shown promise for efficient locomotion on the microscale, their practical utility remains unrealized due to their inability to perform multiple useful tasks on demand. From an engineering perspective, the active particle behavior can be encoded on an individual level by tailoring key design elements such as shape, polarizability, surface pattern, and bulk functionality. This feature article focusses on active particles powered by electric and magnetic fields, as these sources of energy allow the particles to: (1) move in several phenomenologically unique ways, (2) respond in a reliable manner to the field parameters, and (3) interact synergistically to enable multiple functions. It is hypothesized how future generations of such particles may remotely harvest and transduce energy to perform several useful tasks such as biosensing and delivering drugs. As a step toward realizing such particles, several new types of active particles are demonstrated. Finally, a perspective on the future directions of this emerging field is provided by discussing current challenges, potential applications as well as future opportunities.
机译：在过去的二十年中，微细加工和纳米加工的进步推动了多种活性或自推进微粒的发展，这些微粒将环境中的能量转化为定向运动。尽管这些自治实体已显示出在微尺度上进行有效运动的希望，但由于它们无法按需执行多项有用的任务，因此它们的实际用途仍未实现。从工程角度来看，可以通过定制关键设计元素（例如形状，极化率，表面图案和整体功能）在单个级别上编码活动粒子行为。本专题文章重点介绍由电场和磁场驱动的活性粒子，因为这些能量源使粒子能够：（1）以几种现象学上独特的方式移动，（2）以可靠的方式对场参数做出响应，以及（3） ）协同互动以启用多种功能。据推测，此类粒子的后代将如何远程采集和转换能量以执行一些有用的任务，例如生物传感和药物输送。作为实现此类颗粒的一步，已展示了几种新型的活性颗粒。最后，通过讨论当前的挑战，潜在的应用以及未来的机会，提供了对这个新兴领域的未来方向的看法。

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