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Synthesis and Applications of Stimuli-Responsive DNA-Based Nano- and Micro-Sized Capsules

机译：基于刺激响应DNA的纳米和微型胶囊的合成与应用

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摘要

Stimuli-responsive, drug-loaded, DNA-based nano-and micro-capsules attract scientific interest as signal-triggered carriers for controlled drug release. The methods to construct the nano-/micro-capsules involve i) the layer-by-layer deposition of signal-reconfigurable DNA shells on drug-loaded microparticles acting as templates, followed by dissolution of the core templates; ii) the assembly of three-dimensional capsules composed of reconfigurable DNA origami units; and iii) the synthesis of stimuli-responsive drug-loaded capsules stabilized by DNA-polymer hydrogels. Triggers to unlock the nano-/micro-capsules include enzymes, pH, light, aptamer-ligand complexes, and redox agents. The capsules are loaded with fluorescent polymers, metal nanoparticles, proteins or semiconductor quantum dots as drug models, with anti-cancer drugs, e.g., doxorubicin, or with antibodies inhibiting cellular networks or enzymes over-expressed in cancer cells. The mechanisms for unlocking the nano-/micro-capsules and releasing the drugs are discussed, and the applications of the stimuli-responsive nano-/microcapsules as sense-and-treat systems are addressed. The scientific challenges and future perspectives of nano-capsules and micro-capsules in nanomedicine are highlighted.
机译：刺激响应的，载药的，基于DNA的纳米和微胶囊作为信号触发的载体，可控制药物的释放，引起了科学兴趣。构造纳米/微胶囊的方法包括：i）将信号可重构的DNA壳逐层沉积在用作模板的载药微粒上，然后溶解核心模板； ii）组装由可重构DNA折纸单元组成的三维胶囊； iii）通过DNA聚合物水凝胶稳定的刺激刺激性载药胶囊的合成。解锁纳米/微胶囊的触发因素包括酶，pH，光，适体-配体复合物和氧化还原剂。所述胶囊装有作为药物模型的荧光聚合物，金属纳米颗粒，蛋白质或半导体量子点，抗癌药物（例如阿霉素）或抑制癌细胞中过度表达的细胞网络或酶的抗体。讨论了解锁纳米/微胶囊和释放药物的机制，并讨论了刺激响应的纳米/微胶囊作为感官和治疗系统的应用。重点介绍了纳米胶囊和微胶囊在纳米医学中的科学挑战和未来前景。

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