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Preparation and Purification of Metal Fluorides for Crystals and Glasses

机译：晶体和玻璃用金属氟化物的制备和纯化

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The development of low-loss fluoride glass fibres for transoceanic telecommunications led to an increased demand for inorganic fluorides with ultrahigh purity in respect of transition metals, rare earths and oxygen. This review paper describes the Merck Ltd strategy for achieving a wide range of metallic fluorides using methods of preparation and purification selected for a combination of technical efficacy and economic practicability. General preparative methods involving aqueous and non-aqueous routes are described, together with purification methods such as ion exchange, zone refining and vacuum sublimation. The special role of ammonium fluoride complexes is discussed. The application of these general methods to the manufacture of fluoride glass components is described, with special reference to the ZBLAN formulation. Additional glass compositions and their individual requirements are also discussed. The parallel application of high-purity metal fluorides in the growth of optical crystals is emphasised, the history of fluoride ultrapurification having begun with the early demand for high-quality UV and IR crystals such as CaF_2 and LiF.
机译：用于跨洋电信的低损耗氟化物玻璃纤维的发展导致对过渡金属，稀土和氧气方面超高纯度无机氟化物的需求增加。这篇综述文章介绍了默克公司采用多种制备和纯化方法实现多种金属氟化物的策略，这些方法的选择是兼顾技术效力和经济实用性。描述了涉及水性和非水性途径的常规制备方法，以及离子交换，区域精制和真空升华等纯化方法。讨论了氟化铵配合物的特殊作用。描述了这些通用方法在制造氟化物玻璃组件中的应用，并特别参考了ZBLAN配方。还讨论了其他玻璃成分及其各自的要求。强调了高纯度金属氟化物在光学晶体生长中的并行应用，氟化物超纯化的历史始于对高质量UV和IR晶体（如CaF_2和LiF）的早期需求。

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