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Polymer-Based Synthetic Routes to Carbon-Based Metal-Free Catalysts

机译：聚合物为基础的合成路线，以碳为基础的无金属催化剂

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摘要

Carbons are increasingly important as possible alternatives to expensive metal catalysts owing to the wide range of chemical properties they can exhibit and the growing set of synthetic routes available to produce them. This progress report discusses the process of making catalytic carbons from polymeric precursors, focusing on mechanisms of carbonization and how the polymer structures and synthetic procedures affect the resulting carbons. In considering what is necessary to move laboratory catalytic carbons to industrial and commercial applications, the cost and complexity to produce them are a considerable challenge to overcome. Industrially produced carbons are typically made from biopolymers such as lignin while many of the catalytic carbons studied in literature are from synthetic polymers. Thus, studying polymer-derived carbons can provide insights into the carbonization process and the properties of catalytic carbons, which can subsequently be translated to improve biopolymer-derived carbons in an economical way. Aspects of polymer carbonization discussed include carbonization mechanisms, effects of crosslinkers, polymer microstructure, heteroatom control, and effects of nanostructuring.
机译：由于碳可以展现出广泛的化学特性，并且越来越多的合成路线可用于生产，因此碳作为昂贵金属催化剂的可能替代物正变得越来越重要。该进展报告讨论了由聚合物前体制备催化碳的过程，重点是碳化的机理以及聚合物结构和合成程序如何影响所得碳。在考虑将实验室催化碳应用于工业和商业应用的必要条件时，生产碳的成本和复杂性是需要克服的巨大挑战。工业生产的碳通常由生物聚合物（如木质素）制成，而文献中研究的许多催化碳均由合成聚合物制成。因此，研究源自聚合物的碳可以提供有关碳化过程和催化碳的性质的见解，随后可以将其转化为以经济的方式改善源自生物聚合物的碳。讨论的聚合物碳化的方面包括碳化机理，交联剂的作用，聚合物的微观结构，杂原子控制和纳米结构的作用。

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