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Electronic and Structural Engineering of Carbon-Based Metal-Free Electrocatalysts for Water Splitting

机译：碳基无水电解水用电子催化剂的电子和结构工程

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摘要

Since first being reported as possible electrocatalysts to substitute platinum for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), carbon-based metal-free nanomaterials have been considered a class of promising low-cost materials for clean and sustainable energy-conversion reactions. However, beyond the ORR, the development of carbon-based catalysts for other electrocatalytic reactions is still limited. More importantly, the intrinsic activity of most carbon-based metal-free catalysts is inadequate compared to their metal-based counterparts. To address this challenge, more design strategies are needed in order to improve the overall performance of carbon-based materials. Herein, using water splitting as an example, some state-of-the-art strategies in promoting carbon-based nanomaterials are summarized, including graphene, carbon nanotubes, and graphitic-carbon nitride, as highly active electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution and oxygen evolution reactions. It is shown that by rationally tuning the electronic and/or physical structure of the carbon nanomaterials, adsorption of reaction intermediates is optimized, consequently improving the apparent electrocatalytic performance. These strategies may facilitate the development in this area and lead to the discovery of advanced carbon-based nanomaterials for various applications in energy-conversion processes.
机译：自从首次被报道为可能的电催化剂来代替铂用于氧还原反应（ORR）以来，碳基无金属纳米材料被认为是一类有前景的低成本材料，可用于清洁和可持续的能量转换反应。然而，除了ORR之外，用于其他电催化反应的碳基催化剂的开发仍然受到限制。更重要的是，大多数无碳金属催化剂与它们的金属基催化剂相比，其固有活性不足。为了应对这一挑战，需要更多的设计策略，以改善碳基材料的整体性能。在此，以水分解为例，总结了一些促进碳基纳米材料发展的最新策略，包括石墨烯，碳纳米管和石墨碳氮化物，它们是用于氢释放和氧释放反应的高活性电催化剂。 。结果表明，通过合理调节碳纳米材料的电子和/或物理结构，可以优化反应中间体的吸附，从而提高了表观电催化性能。这些策略可以促进该领域的发展，并导致发现用于能量转换过程中各种应用的高级碳基纳米材料。

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