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Recent Advances on Controlled Synthesis and Engineering of Hollow Alloyed Nanotubes for Electrocatalysis

机译：空心合金纳米管的电催化可控合成与工程研究进展

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The past decade has witnessed great progress in the synthesis and electrocatalytic applications of 1D hollow alloy nanotubes with controllable compositions and fine structures. Hollow nanotubes have been explored as promising electrocatalysts in the fuel cell reactions due to their well-controlled surface structure, size, porosity, and compositions. In addition, owing to the self-supporting ability of 1D structure, hollow nanotubes are capable of avoiding catalyst aggregation and carbon corrosion during the catalytic process, which are two other issues for the widely investigated carbon-supported nanoparticle catalysts. It is currently a great challenge to achieve high activity and stability at a relatively low cost to realize commercialization of these catalysts. An overview of the structural and compositional properties of 1D hollow alloy nanotubes, which provide a large number of accessible active sites, void spaces for electrolytes/ reactants impregnation, and structural stability for suppressing aggregation, is presented. The latest advances on several strategies such as hard template and self-templating methods for controllable synthesis of hollow alloyed nanotubes with controllable structures and compositions are then summarized. Benefiting from the advantages of the unique properties and facile synthesis approaches, the capability of 1D hollow nanotubes is then highlighted by discussing examples of their applications in fuel-cell-related electrocatalysis. Finally, the remaining challenges and potential solutions in the field are summarized to provide some useful clues for the future development of 1D hollow alloy nanotube materials.
机译：在过去的十年中，具有可控成分和精细结构的一维空心合金纳米管的合成和电催化应用取得了长足进步。中空纳米管由于其良好控制的表面结构，尺寸，孔隙率和组成，已被视为燃料电池反应中有希望的电催化剂。另外，由于一维结构的自支撑能力，中空纳米管能够避免催化剂聚集和催化过程中的碳腐蚀，这是被广泛研究的碳负载纳米颗粒催化剂的另外两个问题。以相对较低的成本实现这些催化剂的商业化目前是一个巨大的挑战。概述了一维中空合金纳米管的结构和组成特性，该结构提供了大量可访问的活性位点，用于电解质/反应物浸渍的空隙空间以及用于抑制聚集的结构稳定性。然后总结了几种策略的最新进展，例如可控模板和自模板方法可控合成具有可控结构和成分的中空合金纳米管。得益于其独特性能和便捷的合成方法的优势，然后通过讨论其在燃料电池相关的电催化中的应用实例，来强调一维中空纳米管的能力。最后，总结了该领域中剩余的挑战和潜在的解决方案，为一维中空合金纳米管材料的未来发展提供一些有用的线索。

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