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Design Principles for Aqueous Interactive Materials: Lessons from Small Molecules and Stimuli-Responsive Systems

机译：水互动材料的设计原理：小分子和刺激响应系统的课程

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摘要

Interactive materials are at the forefront of current materials research with few examples in the literature. Researchers are inspired by nature to develop materials that can modulate and adapt their behavior in accordance with their surroundings. Stimuli-responsive systems have been developed over the past decades which, although often described as "smart," lack the ability to act autonomously. Nevertheless, these systems attract attention on account of the resultant materials' ability to change their properties in a predicable manner. These materials find application in a plethora of areas including drug delivery, artificial muscles, etc. Stimuli-responsive materials are serving as the precursors for next-generation interactive materials. Interest in these systems has resulted in a library of well-developed chemical motifs; however, there is a fundamental gap between stimuli-responsive and interactive materials. In this perspective, current state-of-the-art stimuli-responsive materials are outlined with a specific emphasis on aqueous macroscopic interactive materials. Compartmentalization, critical for achieving interactivity, relies on hydrophobic, hydrophilic, supramolecular, and ionic interactions, which are commonly present in aqueous systems and enable complex self-assembly processes. Relevant examples of aqueous interactive materials that do exist are given, and design principles to realize the next generation of materials with embedded autonomous function are suggested.
机译：互动材料是当前材料研究的最前沿，在文献中有一些例子。研究人员受到自然的启发，以开发可以根据周围环境调节和调整其行为的材料。在过去的几十年中已经开发了刺激的系统，虽然通常被描述为“智能”，但缺乏自主行动的能力。尽管如此，这些系统会根据所得材料以可预定方式改变其性质的能力引起注意。这些材料在包括药物递送，人工肌肉等地区的多种区域中探讨刺激反应材料作为下一代相互作用材料的前体用作。对这些系统的兴趣导致了一个良好发达的化学图书馆;然而，刺激响应性和互动材料之间存在基本差距。在这种观点中，目前的最先进的刺激响应材料概述，具有对宏观互动材料水溶液的特异性强调。用于实现相互作用的分区化依赖于疏水性，亲水性，超分子和离子相互作用，其通常存在于含水体系中并实现复杂的自组装方法。提出了确实存在的水性互动材料的相关实例，并提出了实现具有嵌入式自主功能的下一代材料的设计原理。

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