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Modeling study of radiation effects on thrombocytopoietic and granulocytopoietic systems in humans

机译：辐射对人体血小板生成和粒细胞生成系统影响的模型研究

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Biologically motivated mathematical models, which describe the dynamics of thrombocytopoiesis and granulocytopoiesis in nonirra-diated and irradiated humans, are developed. These models, being based on conventional biological theories, are implemented as the systems of nonlinear differential equations whose variables and constant parameters have clear biological meaning. Thorough analytical and numerical analysis of the proposed models is performed. It is found that the models on hand are capable of reproducing the dynamical regimes which are typical for the thrombocytopoiesis and granulocytopoiesis in the norm and in the case of hematological disorders, such as cyclic thrombocytopenia and cyclic neutropenia. The elaborated models are applied to investigate the dynamics of thrombocytopoiesis and granulocytopoiesis in astronauts exposed to space radiation during long-term missions such as voyages to Mars. The dose rate equivalent for space radiation (galactic cosmic rays (GCR) and solar particles event (SPE)) is taken as a variable parameter of the models. It is revealed that the thrombocytopoietic and granulocytopoietic systems can adapt themselves to GCR exposure. It is also shown that an SPE causes damped oscillations of the "effective" radiosensitivity of these cell systems that, in turn, determines the strength of their responses to the subsequent SPE. Specifically, depending on the time interval between SPEs, the preceding SPE can induce either radiosensitization or radioprotection effects on the thrombocytopoietic and granulocytopoietic systems. In the last case, adaptive responses to the subsequent SPE in these systems occur. All this testifies to the efficiency of employment of the developed models in investigation and prediction of effects of space radiation on the thrombocytopoietic and granulocytopoietic systems. The developed models of these vital body systems provide a better understanding of the risks to health from the solar particles events and enable one to evaluate the need of operational applications of countermeasures for astronauts in the long-term space missions.
机译：建立了以生物学为动机的数学模型，该模型描述了未经辐射和辐射的人类血小板生成和粒细胞生成的动力学。这些基于传统生物学理论的模型被实现为非线性微分方程系统，其变量和常数参数具有明确的生物学意义。对提出的模型进行了彻底的分析和数值分析。发现现有的模型能够再现正常情况下以及在诸如循环性血小板减少症和循环性中性粒细胞减少症的血液学疾病的情况下典型的血小板生成和粒细胞生成的动力学机制。精细的模型用于研究长期任务（如前往火星）期间暴露于空间辐射的宇航员中血小板生成和粒细胞生成的动力学。空间辐射（银河系宇宙射线（GCR）和太阳粒子事件（SPE））的剂量率当量作为模型的可变参数。揭示了血小板生成和粒细胞生成系统可以使其自身适应GCR暴露。还显示出SPE引起这些细胞系统“有效”放射敏感性的衰减振荡，继而决定了它们对随后的SPE的反应强度。具体而言，取决于SPE之间的时间间隔，先前的SPE可以诱导对血小板生成和粒细胞生成系统的放射致敏或放射防护作用。在最后一种情况下，在这些系统中会发生对后续SPE的自适应响应。所有这些证明了在研究和预测空间辐射对血小板生成和粒细胞生成系统的影响方面，已开发模型的使用效率。这些生命体系统的已开发模型可以更好地理解太阳粒子事件对健康的危害，并使人们能够评估长期太空飞行中宇航员对策的作战应用需求。

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