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首页> 外文期刊>Advances in Water Resources >Pore-scale imaging with measurement of relative permeability and capillary pressure on the same reservoir sandstone sample under water-wet and mixed-wet conditions
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Pore-scale imaging with measurement of relative permeability and capillary pressure on the same reservoir sandstone sample under water-wet and mixed-wet conditions

机译：在水湿和混合湿润条件下测量相同水库砂岩样品的相对渗透性和毛细管压力的孔径成像

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Using micro-CT imaging and differential pressure measurements, we design a comparative study in which we simultaneously measure relative permeability and capillary pressure on the same reservoir sandstone sample under water-wet and mixed-wet conditions during steady-state waterflooding experiments. This allows us to isolate the impact of wettability on a pore-by-pore basis and its effect on the macroscopic parameters, capillary pressure and relative permeability, while keeping the pore-space geometry unchanged.First, oil and brine were injected through a water-wet reservoir sandstone sample at a fixed total flow rate, but in a sequence of increasing brine fractional flows with micro-CT scans of the fluid phases taken in each step. Then the sample was brought back to initial water saturation and the surface wettability of the sample was altered after prolonged contact with crude oil and the same measurement procedure was repeated on the altered-wettability sample which we call mixed-wet.Geometric contact angles were measured, which discriminated the water-wet and mixed-wet cases with average values of 75 degrees and 89 degrees respectively. Additionally, an energy balance was used to determine the effective contact angles for displacement which indicated that a higher advancing contact angle of 116 degrees was needed to displace oil in the mixed-wet case. For the water-wet experiment the filling sequence was pore-size dependent, with a strong correlation between pore size and oil occupancy. However, in the mixed-wet experiment the principal determinant of the filling sequence was the wettability rather than the pore size, and there was no correlation between pore size and the residual oil occupancy.The oil-water interfacial area had a larger maximum in the mixed-wet case which was supported by the observation of sheet or saddle-like menisci shapes present throughout the sample volume that impede the flow. These shapes were quantified by much larger negative Gaussian curvature which indicated better connectivity of the phases, consistent with the lower residual oil saturation. Mean curvature and associated capillary pressure were positive for the water-wet case but decreased to a negative value for the mixed-wet case pointing to forced displacement from oil-wet pores. This analysis explained why the relative permeabilities for the mixed-wet case were lower than for the water-wet case for the same fractional flow.
机译：使用微CT成像和差压测量，我们设计了一种对比研究，其中我们在稳态水上水上透露实验期间在水湿和混合湿润条件下同时测量相同储层砂岩样品上的相对渗透性和毛细管压力。这使我们能够在逐孔的基础上分离润湿性的影响及其对宏观参数，毛细管压力和相对渗透性的影响，同时保持孔隙空间几何形状不变。通过水注入油和盐水-Wet储层砂岩样品固定的总流速，但在一系列增加的盐水分数流量的序列中，在每个步骤中采用的微型CT扫描。然后将样品恢复到初始水饱和度，并且在与原油长时间接触后，在呼叫混合湿润的润湿性样品上重复相同的测量程序后改变样品的表面润湿性。 ，这些分别分别为75度和89度的平均值分别为水湿和混合湿的病例。另外，使用能量平衡来确定用于位移的有效接触角度，这表明需要116度的更高推进接触角来在混合湿式壳体中取出油。对于水湿实验，填充序列是孔径依赖性，孔径和石油占用率之间具有强相关性。然而，在混合湿法实验中，填充序列的主要决定簇是润湿性而不是孔径，孔径与残余石油占用之间没有相关性。油水界面区域最大更大通过在整个妨碍流动的样品体积中存在的片材或鞍状半月斑形状的观察来支撑的混合湿式壳。通过大大负高斯曲率量化这些形状，这表明阶段的阶段更好地连接，与较低的残余油饱和度一致。平均曲率和相关的毛细管压力对于水湿式壳体是阳性的，但是在含油孔中指向混合湿式壳的负值降低。该分析说明了为什么混合湿式壳的相对渗透率低于相同分数流量的水湿壳。

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