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Emission rate of charged spores in basidiomycetous fungi and the relaxation time of their electric charges

机译：担子菌真菌中带电孢子的发射率及其电荷的弛豫时间

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Basidiospores are one of the main components of coarse fraction of atmospheric aerosol. Majority of them, the ballistospores of 20,000 species of Basidiomycotina, carry electrostatic charges when getting airborne. To study the polarity and magnitude of primary charges and the hymenial emission rate of charged spores, 128 spore samples of 31 species of Agaricomycetes were collected in natural conditions. A portable device was placed under the fruiting body and the freely falling charged spores were extracted from the air by a horizontal homogeneous electrostatic field. The charge polarity distribution was the same in all intraspecies spore samples; it was unipolar-positive, unipolar-negative, or bipolar, depending on the species. The mean spore charge magnitude was 21-981 e, and it was not related to the emission rate of charged spores. The hymenial emission rate was fluctuating, and the maximum value was 715 charged spores cm"2 s"1. To estimate the territorial emission rate of charged spores, area of the hymenial surface per hectare of forest was calculated for three species and the maximum values were llm2 ha' and 8.6 x 107 charged spores ha ' s '. Calculations showed that a spore charge diminished sevenfold within 47 min. Ecologists, health and agricultural scientists could be interested in this information. It could be useful by investigating the role of microorganisms in meteorological phenomena and in atmospheric processes in general.
机译：孢子孢子是大气气溶胶中粗颗粒的主要成分之一。其中大多数是2万种担子菌属的弹道孢子，在空中传播时会携带静电。为了研究初级电荷的极性和大小以及带电孢子的处女膜发射速率，在自然条件下收集了31种龙舌兰菌的128个孢子样品。将便携式设备放置在子实体的下方，并通过水平均匀静电场从空中抽取自由落下的带电孢子。所有种内孢子样品的电荷极性分布都相同；根据物种的不同，它是单极阳性，单极阴性或双极的。平均孢子电荷量为21-981 e，与带电孢子的发射速率无关。处女膜发射率波动，最大值为715个带电孢子cm“ 2 s” 1。为了估算带电孢子的地域排放速率，计算了三种物种每公顷森林的处女膜表面面积，最大值为llm2 ha'和8.6 x 107带电孢子ha's'。计算表明，孢子电荷在47分钟内减少了七倍。生态学家，卫生和农业科学家可能对此信息感兴趣。通过研究微生物在气象现象和整个大气过程中的作用，可能很有用。

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