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Transport of microorganisms to Israel during Saharan dust events

机译：撒哈拉尘埃事件期间微生物向以色列的运输

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Dust storms are serious meteorological events that affect the East Mediterranean region, primarily during the spring season. The physical and chemical nature of dust storms, their origin, and the meteorological conditions leading to the generation of storms have been fully documented, but knowledge on their biological content is almost nonexistent. Four dust events that occurred in the period 2004-2005 were sampled in Haifa, Israel, an urban area on the East Mediterranean coast, for biological characterization. Samples were taken before or after (depending on the meteorological conditions) as well as during the dust events. Dust particles were collected as two size fractions using a dichotomous sampler, and their elemental content was determined using X-ray fluorescence analyses. Airborne bacteria and fungi were collected with the Six Stage Andersen Viable Impactor. Fungi were identified by optical microscopy. Compared to adjacent clear days, there was an increase in the concentration of both atmospheric particles and elements of geological and marine origin during the dust events. The concentration of airborne microorganisms during the dust events was also higher, and the fungal population content was affected. On a winter clear day the abundant airborne fungi were Paecilomyces variotii, Penicillium glabrum, and Altemaria altemata. On a spring clear day, the persisting airborne fungi were Altemaria altemata, Geotrichum candidum, Penicillium chrysogenum, and P. glabrum. However, during two dust events the fungal population was dominated by Altemaria altemata, Aspergillus fu-migatus, A. niger, A. thomii, Cladosporium clado-sporioides, Penicillium chrysogenum, and P. griseoroseum. This study suggests that Saharan and other desert dust events in the East Mediterranean have a significant effect on the airborne microbial populations, which might impact on health, agriculture, and ecology.
机译：沙尘暴是严重的气象事件，主要在春季影响东地中海地区。沙尘暴的物理和化学性质，起源和导致暴风雨的气象条件已得到充分记录，但几乎没有关于其生物学含量的知识。在2004年至2005年期间发生的四次沙尘事件中，在以色列海法（东地中海海岸的市区）进行了采样，以进行生物学鉴定。在尘埃事件发生之前或之后（取决于气象条件）以及在尘埃事件期间都采样。使用二分采样器将灰尘颗粒分为两个大小部分，并使用X射线荧光分析法确定其元素含量。空气传播的细菌和真菌是用六阶段安徒生可行撞击器收集的。通过光学显微镜鉴定真菌。与相邻的晴天相比，沙尘天气期间大气颗粒物以及地质和海洋起源元素的浓度均增加。粉尘事件期间空气传播微生物的浓度也较高，并且影响了真菌种群的含量。在冬季的晴天，丰富的空气传播真菌是水痘拟杆菌，青霉菌和Altemaria altemata。在春季的晴天，残留的空气传播真菌是Altemaria altemata，Georichum candidum，Chrysogenum Penicillium和P. glabrum。但是，在两次尘埃事件中，真菌种群主要由Altemaria altemata，fu-migatus曲霉，A。niger，A。thomii，Cladosporium clado-sporioides，Chicsogenum和P. griseoroseum主导。这项研究表明，东地中海的撒哈拉沙漠和其他沙漠尘埃事件对空气传播的微生物种群有重大影响，这可能会影响健康，农业和生态。

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