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Trends in airborne pollen: An overview of 21 years of data in Neuchatel (Switzerland)

机译：空中花粉的趋势：纳沙泰尔（瑞士）21年的数据概览

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摘要

Airborne pollen analysis has been carried out in Neuchatel (Switzerland) since 1979. In the context of increasing prevalence of pollen allergies and global climate warming, this study attempts to confirm whether airborne pollen may be responsible for the former or indicative of the latter, and presents some general features of pollen flight in western Switzerland. The most common pollen types are Taxus/Cupressaceae, Quercus, Poaceae, Pinus, Betula, Urticaceae and Fraxinus. During the 21 years studied, there was no major change in the abundance of pollen. Among the twenty-five taxa studied only five presented a significant trend: an increase of pollen quantities was observed for Alnus, Ambrosia, Artemisia and Taxus/Cupressaceae and a decrease for Ulmus. The plant species flowering in winter and in spring were influenced by the mild winters of the 1990s: 71% of the dates of the onset or the end of the pollen seasons nowadays occur significantly earlier in the year. The observed advance reaches 0.84 days/year. Trees appear to react stronger to the climate change than grass and weeds. No pollen type present a prolonged season, so the trend appears to be towards a shift in the timing of pollen presence in the air. These observations show that the main cause of the spectacular increase of pollinosis prevalence in industrialised countries is probably not to be found in the weak tendency towards a rise of pollen abundance, except for some particular pollen types which can broaden the spectra and/or intensify the abundance of major allergens present in an area. However, airborne pollen is confirmed to be a sensitive indicator of climate change. The observed shifts in the pollen seasons make necessary the adequate information for people concerned with pollen allergies, in particular for prevention and therapy purposes.
机译：自1979年以来，在纳沙泰尔（瑞士）进行了空气中花粉的分析。在花粉过敏流行和全球气候变暖的背景下，本研究试图确认空气中的花粉是造成前者还是导致后者的原因。介绍了瑞士西部花粉飞行的一些一般特征。最常见的花粉类型是红豆杉/柏科，栎属，禾本科，松属，桦，荨麻科和白蜡树。在所研究的21年中，花粉的丰度没有重大变化。在所研究的25个分类单元中，只有5个显示出明显的趋势：观察到花粉数量增加的是Al木，佳肴，蒿和紫杉/柏科，而榆木则减少。冬季和春季开花的植物种类受到1990年代温和冬季的影响：如今，花粉季节开始或结束的71％发生在一年中的早些时候。观察到的提前量达到0.84天/年。树木似乎比草和杂草对气候变化的反应更强。没有花粉类型存在较长的季节，因此趋势似乎是空气中花粉存在的时间发生了变化。这些观察结果表明，除了某些可以扩展光谱范围和/或增强光谱强度的特殊花粉类型外，工业化国家花粉病流行率急剧上升的主要原因可能不是在花粉丰度上升的弱势中找到的。一个区域中存在大量主要过敏原。但是，空中花粉被证实是气候变化的敏感指标。花粉季节的观察到的变化为与花粉过敏有关的人们提供了足够的信息，特别是出于预防和治疗目的。

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