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First fungal spore calendar for the atmosphere of Bratislava, Slovakia

机译：斯洛伐克布拉迪斯拉发第一个真菌孢子日历

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Fungal spores were identified and quantified in the air of Bratislava during the 1-year period (2016) using a Burkard 7-day volumetric aerospore trap. Based on data obtained, the first spore calendar in Slovakia has been constructed for the urban area of Bratislava. The total annual spore concentration recorded during this period was 836,418spores/m(3), belonging to 53 fungal spore types. The fungal taxa contributing the highest concentration of spores were Cladosporium (71.88% of the total), Coprinus (8.84%), Leptosphaeria (3.88%), Ganoderma (3.43%) and Alternaria (2.79%). Remaining 48 spore types were less well represented (altogether 9.18% of the total). Daily monitoring data revealed a large variation in airborne spore concentrations. Fungal spores peaked during summer and autumn months (June-October) and declined from November to March. The maximum monthly total spore concentration (153,342spores/m(3)) was recorded in July, while the minimum (1381spores/m(3)) in January. The relationships between mean daily airborne spore concentrations of selected fungal taxa and meteorological variables were evaluated through multiple regression analysis. The percentage of variation explained by regression analyses was 49.7% for Alternaria, 46.9% for Ganoderma, 45.8% for Cladosporium, 43.9% for Leptosphaeria and 32.1% for Coprinus. Spore concentrations of most analysed airborne fungal taxa were positively associated with air temperature and/or negatively associated with relative air humidity either throughout the year or only in summer. Cladosporium spore concentration was positively related with the wind speed, whereas the association between Ganoderma spore concentration and wind speed was negative. Spores of Leptosphaeria showed significant positive association with relative air humidity and significant negative association with sunshine duration in summer. Knowledge of seasonal patterns of the type and number of spores in the air will provide clinicians and sufferers of allergic asthma and rhinitis as well as agronomists with valuable information on the prophylaxis of respiratory allergic and plant diseases, respectively.
机译：使用Burkard 7天容积气孢捕获器，在1年期间（2016年）在布拉迪斯拉发的空气中鉴定并定量了真菌孢子。根据获得的数据，已经为布拉迪斯拉发市区建立了斯洛伐克第一个孢子历。在此期间记录的年度总孢子浓度为836,418孢子/ m（3），属于53种真菌孢子。孢子浓度最高的真菌类群是角孢属（Cladosporium）（占总数的71.88％），鸡腿菇（8.84％），羊膜菌（3.88％），灵芝（3.43％）和链格孢属（2.79％）。其余48种孢子的代表性较差（占总数的9.18％）。每日监测数据显示，空气中的孢子浓度变化很大。真菌孢子在夏季和秋季（6月至10月）达到峰值，并在11月至3月下降。 7月份记录的每月最高总孢子浓度（153,342spores / m（3）），而1月份记录的最低每月总孢子浓度（1381spores / m（3））。通过多元回归分析评估了选定真菌类群的平均每日空气传播孢子浓度与气象变量之间的关系。通过回归分析解释的变异百分比，链格孢属为49.7％，灵芝为46.9％，枝孢属为45.8％，鳞球菌属为43.9％，鸡腿菇为32.1％。在整个一年中或仅在夏季，大多数分析的空气传播真菌类群的孢子浓度与气温呈正相关，和/或与相对空气湿度呈负相关。枝孢子孢子浓度与风速呈正相关，而灵芝孢子浓度与风速之间呈负相关。夏季，细链球菌的孢子与空气相对湿度呈显着正相关，与日照时间呈负相关。了解空气中孢子的类型和数量的季节性模式，将分别为过敏性哮喘和鼻炎的临床医生和患者以及农艺师提供有关预防呼吸道过敏和植物病害的宝贵信息。

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