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首页> 外文期刊>Aerobiologia >Microbial composition in seasonal time series of free tropospheric air and precipitation reveals community separation
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Microbial composition in seasonal time series of free tropospheric air and precipitation reveals community separation

机译：自由对流层空气和降水的季节性时间序列中的微生物组成揭示了群落分离

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Primary biological aerosols are transported over large distances, are traveling in various media such as dry air masses, clouds or fog, and eventually deposited with dry deposition, especially for larger particles, or precipitation like rain, hail or snow. To investigate relative abundance and diversity of airborne bacterial and fungal communities, samples have been collected with a liquid impinger (Coriolis mu) from the top of Mount Sonnblick (3106 m asl, Austrian Alps) from the respective sources under a temporal aspect over four seasons over the year to include all climatic conditions. Bacterial and fungal samples (16S rRNA and ITS) were sequenced using Illumina MiSeq paired-end sequencing, investigated for relative abundance by qPCR(16S rRNA and 18S rRNA) and ice nucleation activity. Results show that there is no stable free tropospheric air microbial community and air mass origin was different for the four sampling periods which exerted influence on the microbial composition of the atmosphere although a core microbiome could be identified consisting of 61 bacterial OTUs and eight fungal genera. Differentiation between seasons was stronger pronounced in air than in precipitation, with rain being most different and variable of precipitation types, indicating distinct forces driving microbial fate in the air. Microorganisms precipitated with snow, hail or rain or being transported by clouds differ in their species composition from free tropospheric air masses and do not mirror the air community structure. They were more diverse, distinct in composition, 16S:18S ratio and abundance from free-floating PBA. Hence, snow or cloud samples are not suitable proxies for free tropospheric air microbiome composition, since separation processes in aerosolization, transport and scavenging occur. The microbial composition of arriving precipitation or clouds represents only a part of the microbial air composition communities of the cumulative sources of origin. Relative abundance and composition of ice nucleation-active bacteria showed a higher share of relative % reads of known ice nucleation-active bacteria present in all wet phases compared to air. Results propose a separation of IN-active reads with higher shares occurring in precipitation. This study presents the first comparison of free tropospheric bacterial and fungal abundance and diversity in time series of air over several seasons in contrast to various precipitation forms in the free troposphere.
机译：主要的生物气溶胶经过长距离运输，在各种介质（如干燥的空气团，云或雾）中传播，并最终以干沉积物沉积，尤其是对于较大的颗粒或降雨（如雨，冰雹或雪）。为了调查空气传播的细菌和真菌群落的相对丰度和多样性，在四个季节的时间范围内，分别从Mount Sonnblick（3106 m asl，奥地利阿尔卑斯山）顶部的液体冲击器（Coriolis mu）收集了各个来源的样品一年中包括所有气候条件。使用Illumina MiSeq配对末端测序对细菌和真菌样品（16S rRNA和ITS）进行测序，通过qPCR（16S rRNA和18S rRNA）研究相对丰度和冰核活性。结果表明，尽管可以确定一个由61个细菌OTU和8个真菌属组成的核心微生物组，但在四个采样周期中没有稳定的对流层空气微生物群落，并且空气质量起源不同，这对大气的微生物组成有影响。空气中的季节差异明显强于降水，降雨差异最大，且降水类型不同，这表明驱动空气中微生物命运的独特力量。由雪，冰雹或雨水沉淀或被云运输的微生物的物种组成与对流层自由空气团不同，并且不反映空气群落结构。它们更加多样化，组成，16S：18S比和自由浮动PBA的丰度各不相同。因此，雪或云样品不是对流层空气微生物组组成的合适替代物，因为发生了雾化，运输和清除的分离过程。到达的降水或云层的微生物成分仅代表累积来源的微生物空气成分群落的一部分。与空气相比，冰核活性细菌的相对丰度和组成显示在所有湿相中存在的已知冰核活性细菌的相对读数百分比较高。结果建议将IN-active读数与降水中发生的较高份额分开。这项研究提出了自由对流层细菌和真菌的丰度和多样性在几个季节的时间序列中的首次比较，这与自由对流层中的各种降水形式形成了对比。

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