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Aerobiology applied to the preventive conservation of cultural heritage

机译：航空生物学应用于文化遗产的预防性保护

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摘要

This work aims to provide an historical overview on aerobiology applied to the preventive conservation of cultural heritage. Bioaerosol represents a potential risk to cultural artifacts since in favorable nutritional and microclimatic conditions the settled biological particulate matter can develop and grow, thus triggering the biodeterioration. Aerobiology has become an important discipline for developing prevention and control strategies for the biological deterioration of cultural heritage. The most used equipment and methods for sampling in both indoor and outdoor environments (passive-sedimentation plates and active impactor for air, contact plates and membranes for surfaces) will be described. The aerobiological monitoring, always combined with microclimatic monitoring, along with information on the artifact and its conservation status, allows to defining situations of potential biologic risk. All the information and data gathered create the baseline for setting up management protocols, defining tailored corrective strategies aimed at preventing damage to cultural heritage and reducing risks to the health of operators and users. New perspectives for this discipline could arise thanks to (a) the development of user-friendly technologies and instrumentations for aerobiological monitoring and sampling of surfaces; (b) the definition of threshold levels of biological risk to the different types of cultural heritage; (c) the creation of a card of "biodeterioration risk" (international database).
机译：这项工作旨在对应用于生物学遗产保护的航空生物学进行历史性概述。生物气溶胶代表着文化人工制品的潜在风险，因为在有利的营养和微气候条件下，沉降的生物颗粒物质可能发育和生长，从而引发生物退化。航空生物学已成为发展预防和控制文化遗产生物恶化的战略的重要学科。将描述在室内和室外环境中采样最常用的设备和方法（用于空气的被动沉降板和主动撞击器，用于表面的接触板和膜）。航空生物学监测，总是与微气候监测结合，以及有关人工制品及其保存状态的信息，可以确定潜在的生物风险情况。收集的所有信息和数据为建立管理协议，定义量身定制的纠正策略提供了基准，旨在防止破坏文化遗产并减少对运营商和用户健康的风险。由于（a）开发了用户友好的技术以及用于表面的航空生物学监测和采样的仪器，因此该学科有了新的视角; （b）对不同类型文化遗产的生物风险阈值水平的定义; （c）创建“生物恶化风险”卡片（国际数据库）。

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